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Chapter 18 pg. 578
The Civil RIghts Movement 1945-1975
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| De Jure Segregation | Strict seperation of races that was imposed by a law. |
| De Facto Segregation | Segregation by unwritten custon or tradition, was a fact of life. |
| Thurgood Marshall | An African American lawyer from Baltimore, Maryland, headed the legal team that mounted this challenge. |
| Brown v. Board of Education | The NAACP mounted a broader challenge to segregate public education at all grade levels. |
| Earl Warren | A decision that was made for the Court Justice. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1957 | Civil Rights forces emjoyed a small victory. |
| Rosa Parks | An African American steamstress, boarded a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, and sat down in an empty seat. |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | Prepared a segregation challenge. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | A Baptist minister and had inspirational speeches that brought audiences to him. |
| Sit-in | Racial things the whites have done that they weren't suppose to. |
| Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee | Created grass-roots movement that involved all classes of African Americans in the struggle to defeat white racism and to obtain equality. |
| Freedom Ride | Segregates the whites and blacks where to sit on transportations. |
| James Meredith | An Air Force veretan who sought to enroll at the all-white University of Mississippi. |
| Medgar Evers | Won a federal court case that ordered the University to desegregate. |
| March of Washington | Took place on March 28th, 1963. A demonstration that happened with tons of people. |
| Filibuster | A tatic where senators give long speeches to hold up legislative businesses. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | The act banned segregation in public accomidations and gace federal gov't the ability to compel state and local school boards to desegregate their schools. |
| Freedom Summer | A major campaign. |
| Fannie Lou Hamer | One of the MFDP's leaders, gave powerful testimony. |
| Voting Rights Act | The act banned literacy tests and empowered the federal gov't to oversee voting registration and elections in states that had discriminated against minorities. |
| Twenty-Fourth Amendment | It banned the poll tax, that kept poor African Americans from voting. |
| Kerner Commision | A long-term racial discrimination stood as the single most important cause of violence. |
| Malcolm X | A well-known African American radical. |
| Nation of Islam | A religious sect headed by Elijah Muhammad. |
| Black Power | Encouragement for blacks to vote. |
| Black Panthers | Organized armed patrols of urban neighborhoods to protect people from police abuse. |