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US History Chapter 8
Chapter 8: 8th grade Call to Freedom textbook (Texas Edition)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| constitution | a set of basic principles that determine the powers and duties of a government |
| republicanism | support for a system of representative government known as a republic |
| limited government | a political principle which holds that government should be bound by laws that limit it's power |
| suffrage | voting rights |
| ratification | formal approval |
| Articles of Confederation | (1777) Document that created the first central government for the United States; replaced by the Constitution of 1789 |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Legislation passed by congress to establish a political structure for the lands in the Northwest Territory and create a system for the admission of new states |
| tariffs | taxes on imports/exports |
| interstate Commerce | trade that is conducted between states |
| inflation | increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money |
| depression | a steep drop in economic activity combined with rising unemployment |
| popular sovereignty | the idea that political authority belongs to the people;also the principle that would allow voters in a particular territory weather to ban or allow slavery |
| federalism | system of government in which power is distributed between a central authority and individual states |
| legislative branch | division of government that proposes bills and passes them into laws |
| judicial branch | division of the federal government that is made of national courts; interprets laws, punishes criminals,and settles disputes between states |
| executive branch | division of the government that includes the president and the administrative departments; enforces the nations laws |
| checks and balances | a system established by the constitution that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful |
| Great Compromise | (1787) Agreement worked out at the constitutional convention establishing that a state's population would determine representation in the lower house of the legislature, while each state would have equal representation in the upper house. |
| Constitutional Convention | (1787) Meeting in Philadelphia at which delegates from the states wrote the constitution |
| amendments | official changes, corrections, or additions to a law or constitution |
| federalists | people who supported ratification of the of the Constitution |
| antifederalists | people who opposed the ratification of the Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 amendments to the constitution; ratified in 1791 |
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