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Chapter 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| satellite state | independent nation under the control of a more powerful nation |
| Cold war | worldwide rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union |
| iron curtain | term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the border between the Soviet satellite states and Western Europe |
| Truman Doctrine | President Truman's promise to help nations struggling against communist movements |
| George F. Kennan | American diplomat, leading authority on the Soviet Union |
| containment | policy of keeping communism contained within its existing borders |
| Marshall Plan | foreign policy that offered economic aid to western european countries after world war II |
| Berlin airlift | program in which US and Brtitish pilots flew supplies to the West Berlin during a soviet blockade |
| NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization | military alliance formed to counter Soviet expansion |
| Warsaw Pact | military alliance of the soviet union and its satellite states |
| Jiang Jieshi | known in US as Chiang Kai-shek, fought a civil war against communists |
| Meo Zadong | led communists in civil war |
| 38th parallel | dividing line between North and South Korea |
| Douglas MacArthur | WWII hero |
| limited war | war fought only to achieve specific goals |
| SEATO Southeast Asia Treaty Organization | defensive alliance aimed at preventing communist aggression in Asia |
| arms race | contest in which nations compete to build more powerful weapons |
| mutually assured destruction | policy in which the united states and the soviet union hoped to deter nuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroy one another |
| John Foster Dulles | secretary of state |
| Massive retaliation | policy of threatening to usemassive force in response to aggression |
| brinkmanship | belief that only by going to the brink of war could th US protect itself against communist aggression |
| Nikita Khrushchev | new head of the soviet union |
| nationalize | to place a resource under government control |
| Suez crisis | attempt by france and Great Britain to seize control of the suez canal in 1956 |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | President |
| CIA Central Intelligence Agency | intelligence gathering organization |
| NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration | government agency that coordinates US efforts in space |
| Red Scare | fear of communism |
| Smith Act | law that made it unlawful to teach or advocate the violent overthrow of the US government |
| HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee | congressional committee that investigated possible subversive activities within the US |
| Hollywood Ten | group of movie writers, directors, and producers who refused to answer HUAC questions about communist ties |
| blacklist | list of persons who were not hired because of suspected communist ties |
| Alger Hiss | educated at Johns Hopkins University and Harvard Law |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | pore, lowereast side of Manhattan |
| Joseph R McCarthy | Senator |
| McCarthyism | negative catchword for extreme, reckless charges of disloyalty |
| demobilization | sending home members of the army |
| GI Bill of Rights | eased the return of the WWII veterans by provideing education and employment aid |
| baby boom | increase in births between 1945 and 1964 |
| productivity | the rate at which goods are produced or services performed |
| Taft-Hartley Act | a law that restricted the power of labor unions |
| Fair Deal | president trumans program to expand new deal reforms |
| Interstate Highway Act | 1956 law that authorized the spending of $32 billion to build 41,000 miles of highway |
| Sunbelt | name given to the region of states in the south and southwest |
| service sector | businesses that provide services rather than manufactured goods |
| information industry | businesses that provide informational services |
| franchise bussiness | allows company to distribute its products or services through retail outlets owned by independent operators |
| multinational corporation | companies that produce and sell their goods and services all over the world |
| AFL-CIO | in 1955, the American federal of Labor(AFL) and the congress of industrial organization(CIO) labor unions united |
| Califonia Master Plan | called for 3 tiers of higher education: research universities, state colleges, and community colleges, all of which were to be accessible to all of the states citizens |
| consumerism | large scale buying, much of it on credit |
| median family income | measure of average family income |
| nuclear family | ideal of typical household with a father, mother, and children |
| Benjamin Spock | wrote the best selling book of his era "Commom sense book of baby and children care" |
| rock-and-roll | music originated in the gospel and blues traditions of African Americans |
| Elvis Presley | Popular rock-and-roll artist of his era |
| beatnik | small group of writers and artists in the 1950s and early 60s who were critical of american society |
| inner city | the older, central part of a city with crowded neighborhoods in which low income, usually minorities, live |
| urban renewal | government programs for redevelopment of urban areas |
| termination policy | ended all programs monitored by the Bereau of indian affairs; also ended federal responsibility for the health and welfare of Native Americans |
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