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Who named cells?
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Prokaryotic come in what shapes?
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Swag Biology Exam 2

To help study for the second exam.

QuestionAnswer
Who named cells? Robert Hooke
Prokaryotic come in what shapes? Rod, Spiral, spherical
Anton Von Leeuwenhock Discovered single celled life.
Lorenz Oken,Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Shwann Came up with cell theory
Cell theory : All life comes from cells, all living things are made of cells, the cell is the smallest functioning unit of life.
Plant cell walls are made of ... Cellulose
What makes bark strong? Lignin
Fluid Mosaic Model For phospholipid bilayer. Not solid, composed of individual molecules.
The head of the phospholipid bilayer is: Polar, hydrophillic, made of a 3 carbon sugar, has phosporus.
Tail of phospholipid bilayer: Hydrophobic, nonpolar, made of fatty acid chains.
What easily enters the cell and why? Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide, because they are very soluble in lipids.
Peripheral Proteins Are on the outside, act as enzymes or recognition receptors.
Integral Proteins Go all the way through the cell. They act as a channel in and out of the cell.
Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell.
What is the inner membrane of the mitochondria called? Critae
What do ribosomes do? Create proteins.
What does the Rough ER have that the Smooth ER doesn't? Ribosomes.
What does the Rough ER do? Package products, then ship them off.
What does the Smooth ER do? Detoxify the cell.
What part of the cell is responsible for lipid metabolism and synthesis? Smooth ER.
Golgi Apparatus Flattened membranes stacked on top of each other.
What is nicknamed the "traffic director"? The Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome Small membrane sack filled with digestive enzymes.
The Mitochondria of the plant cell. Plastids.
Colorless lucoplast is used for.. Storage.
What is a vacuole? A storage sack for plants that makes the membrane tight and usually contains dissolved substances/water.
Microfilaments Function in cell shape and movement.
What helps a cell divide? Microtubule
What is a microtubule made of? Protein.
Centrioles are made of Microtubules.
Why can't nerve cells and higher plant cells divide? Because they don't have centrioles.
Cilia and flagella are made of Microtubules and Microfilaments
Flagella are singular in Eukaryotes
On the cell surface only in eukaryotes. Cilia.
Apical Top of the cell.
First layer around the nucleus is the Nuclear envolope.
Fluid inside the nucleus is Nucleoplasm
Nucleolus Organelle inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes.
Where in the Nuclues is the DNA found? Inside the bilayer.
Chromatin Threadlike strands of DNA and histones
Histones Protein.
Chromatin is super coiled Chromatid
Passive Process Don't require energy
Diffusion: Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient.
Facilitated diffusion: Triggered by something.
Osmosis Simple diffusion.
Active Process. Requires energy.
Potassium Sodium pump pumps what ? 3 Sodium out and 2 Potassium in.
Phagocytis is Cell eating through endocytosis.
Pinocytis is Cell drinking through enycytosis.
Catabolism Binding together
Anabolism Breaking down
First Law of Thermodynamics Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Second Law of Thermodynamics Entropy increases.
Adenosine Triphosphate made of 3 phosphate groups.
How is ATP used? By splitting off the last phoshate group.
Dephosphorylation The breaking apart of ATP
Is phosphorylation Endergonic or Exergonic? Endergonic.
What is the first source of ATP? Photosynthesis.
Definition of photosynthesis. Process that captures the light energy of the sun and transforms it into the chemical energy of carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis only source of carbon is from Carbon Dioxide
The Light Dependent reactions make what? ATP and NADPH
The Light Independent reaction makes what? Sugar.
Chlorophyll is a Pigment.
Stroma Fluid inside choloroplast
Thylakoids Name of stacked inner membranes of chloroplasts.
Granum Stacks of thylakoid.
Pigment Any substance capable of absorbing light energy.
Where does the electron capturing take place? In the stroma.
What does the chloroplast replace its lost electrons with? Water
Chemiosmosis The use of an electron transport system to pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane, resulting in a concentration difference that can be used to make ATP
5 Carbon sugar already present in the calvin cycle is called Ribulose biphosphate.
After a carbon is added to RuBP, it creates a 6 carbon sugar that then does what? Splits to create two 3 carbon sugars called phosphoglycerate.
What is the end product of photosynthesis called? PGAL (diphosphoglycerate)
Created by: theswagmonster
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