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Swag Biology Exam 2
To help study for the second exam.
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Who named cells? | Robert Hooke |
Prokaryotic come in what shapes? | Rod, Spiral, spherical |
Anton Von Leeuwenhock | Discovered single celled life. |
Lorenz Oken,Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Shwann | Came up with cell theory |
Cell theory : | All life comes from cells, all living things are made of cells, the cell is the smallest functioning unit of life. |
Plant cell walls are made of ... | Cellulose |
What makes bark strong? | Lignin |
Fluid Mosaic Model | For phospholipid bilayer. Not solid, composed of individual molecules. |
The head of the phospholipid bilayer is: | Polar, hydrophillic, made of a 3 carbon sugar, has phosporus. |
Tail of phospholipid bilayer: | Hydrophobic, nonpolar, made of fatty acid chains. |
What easily enters the cell and why? | Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide, because they are very soluble in lipids. |
Peripheral Proteins | Are on the outside, act as enzymes or recognition receptors. |
Integral Proteins | Go all the way through the cell. They act as a channel in and out of the cell. |
Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell. |
What is the inner membrane of the mitochondria called? | Critae |
What do ribosomes do? | Create proteins. |
What does the Rough ER have that the Smooth ER doesn't? | Ribosomes. |
What does the Rough ER do? | Package products, then ship them off. |
What does the Smooth ER do? | Detoxify the cell. |
What part of the cell is responsible for lipid metabolism and synthesis? | Smooth ER. |
Golgi Apparatus | Flattened membranes stacked on top of each other. |
What is nicknamed the "traffic director"? | The Golgi Apparatus |
Lysosome | Small membrane sack filled with digestive enzymes. |
The Mitochondria of the plant cell. | Plastids. |
Colorless lucoplast is used for.. | Storage. |
What is a vacuole? | A storage sack for plants that makes the membrane tight and usually contains dissolved substances/water. |
Microfilaments | Function in cell shape and movement. |
What helps a cell divide? | Microtubule |
What is a microtubule made of? | Protein. |
Centrioles are made of | Microtubules. |
Why can't nerve cells and higher plant cells divide? | Because they don't have centrioles. |
Cilia and flagella are made of | Microtubules and Microfilaments |
Flagella are singular in | Eukaryotes |
On the cell surface only in eukaryotes. | Cilia. |
Apical | Top of the cell. |
First layer around the nucleus is the | Nuclear envolope. |
Fluid inside the nucleus is | Nucleoplasm |
Nucleolus | Organelle inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes. |
Where in the Nuclues is the DNA found? | Inside the bilayer. |
Chromatin | Threadlike strands of DNA and histones |
Histones | Protein. |
Chromatin is super coiled | Chromatid |
Passive Process | Don't require energy |
Diffusion: | Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient. |
Facilitated diffusion: | Triggered by something. |
Osmosis | Simple diffusion. |
Active Process. | Requires energy. |
Potassium Sodium pump pumps what ? | 3 Sodium out and 2 Potassium in. |
Phagocytis is | Cell eating through endocytosis. |
Pinocytis is | Cell drinking through enycytosis. |
Catabolism | Binding together |
Anabolism | Breaking down |
First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
Second Law of Thermodynamics | Entropy increases. |
Adenosine Triphosphate made of | 3 phosphate groups. |
How is ATP used? | By splitting off the last phoshate group. |
Dephosphorylation | The breaking apart of ATP |
Is phosphorylation Endergonic or Exergonic? | Endergonic. |
What is the first source of ATP? | Photosynthesis. |
Definition of photosynthesis. | Process that captures the light energy of the sun and transforms it into the chemical energy of carbohydrates. |
Photosynthesis only source of carbon is from | Carbon Dioxide |
The Light Dependent reactions make what? | ATP and NADPH |
The Light Independent reaction makes what? | Sugar. |
Chlorophyll is a | Pigment. |
Stroma | Fluid inside choloroplast |
Thylakoids | Name of stacked inner membranes of chloroplasts. |
Granum | Stacks of thylakoid. |
Pigment | Any substance capable of absorbing light energy. |
Where does the electron capturing take place? | In the stroma. |
What does the chloroplast replace its lost electrons with? | Water |
Chemiosmosis | The use of an electron transport system to pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane, resulting in a concentration difference that can be used to make ATP |
5 Carbon sugar already present in the calvin cycle is called | Ribulose biphosphate. |
After a carbon is added to RuBP, it creates a 6 carbon sugar that then does what? | Splits to create two 3 carbon sugars called phosphoglycerate. |
What is the end product of photosynthesis called? | PGAL (diphosphoglycerate) |