| Question | Answer |
| Who named cells? | Robert Hooke |
| Prokaryotic come in what shapes? | Rod, Spiral, spherical |
| Anton Von Leeuwenhock | Discovered single celled life. |
| Lorenz Oken,Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Shwann | Came up with cell theory |
| Cell theory : | All life comes from cells, all living things are made of cells, the cell is the smallest functioning unit of life. |
| Plant cell walls are made of ... | Cellulose |
| What makes bark strong? | Lignin |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | For phospholipid bilayer. Not solid, composed of individual molecules. |
| The head of the phospholipid bilayer is: | Polar, hydrophillic, made of a 3 carbon sugar, has phosporus. |
| Tail of phospholipid bilayer: | Hydrophobic, nonpolar, made of fatty acid chains. |
| What easily enters the cell and why? | Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide, because they are very soluble in lipids. |
| Peripheral Proteins | Are on the outside, act as enzymes or recognition receptors. |
| Integral Proteins | Go all the way through the cell. They act as a channel in and out of the cell. |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell. |
| What is the inner membrane of the mitochondria called? | Critae |
| What do ribosomes do? | Create proteins. |
| What does the Rough ER have that the Smooth ER doesn't? | Ribosomes. |
| What does the Rough ER do? | Package products, then ship them off. |
| What does the Smooth ER do? | Detoxify the cell. |
| What part of the cell is responsible for lipid metabolism and synthesis? | Smooth ER. |
| Golgi Apparatus | Flattened membranes stacked on top of each other. |
| What is nicknamed the "traffic director"? | The Golgi Apparatus |
| Lysosome | Small membrane sack filled with digestive enzymes. |
| The Mitochondria of the plant cell. | Plastids. |
| Colorless lucoplast is used for.. | Storage. |
| What is a vacuole? | A storage sack for plants that makes the membrane tight and usually contains dissolved substances/water. |
| Microfilaments | Function in cell shape and movement. |
| What helps a cell divide? | Microtubule |
| What is a microtubule made of? | Protein. |
| Centrioles are made of | Microtubules. |
| Why can't nerve cells and higher plant cells divide? | Because they don't have centrioles. |
| Cilia and flagella are made of | Microtubules and Microfilaments |
| Flagella are singular in | Eukaryotes |
| On the cell surface only in eukaryotes. | Cilia. |
| Apical | Top of the cell. |
| First layer around the nucleus is the | Nuclear envolope. |
| Fluid inside the nucleus is | Nucleoplasm |
| Nucleolus | Organelle inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes. |
| Where in the Nuclues is the DNA found? | Inside the bilayer. |
| Chromatin | Threadlike strands of DNA and histones |
| Histones | Protein. |
| Chromatin is super coiled | Chromatid |
| Passive Process | Don't require energy |
| Diffusion: | Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient. |
| Facilitated diffusion: | Triggered by something. |
| Osmosis | Simple diffusion. |
| Active Process. | Requires energy. |
| Potassium Sodium pump pumps what ? | 3 Sodium out and 2 Potassium in. |
| Phagocytis is | Cell eating through endocytosis. |
| Pinocytis is | Cell drinking through enycytosis. |
| Catabolism | Binding together |
| Anabolism | Breaking down |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | Entropy increases. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate made of | 3 phosphate groups. |
| How is ATP used? | By splitting off the last phoshate group. |
| Dephosphorylation | The breaking apart of ATP |
| Is phosphorylation Endergonic or Exergonic? | Endergonic. |
| What is the first source of ATP? | Photosynthesis. |
| Definition of photosynthesis. | Process that captures the light energy of the sun and transforms it into the chemical energy of carbohydrates. |
| Photosynthesis only source of carbon is from | Carbon Dioxide |
| The Light Dependent reactions make what? | ATP and NADPH |
| The Light Independent reaction makes what? | Sugar. |
| Chlorophyll is a | Pigment. |
| Stroma | Fluid inside choloroplast |
| Thylakoids | Name of stacked inner membranes of chloroplasts. |
| Granum | Stacks of thylakoid. |
| Pigment | Any substance capable of absorbing light energy. |
| Where does the electron capturing take place? | In the stroma. |
| What does the chloroplast replace its lost electrons with? | Water |
| Chemiosmosis | The use of an electron transport system to pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane, resulting in a concentration difference that can be used to make ATP |
| 5 Carbon sugar already present in the calvin cycle is called | Ribulose biphosphate. |
| After a carbon is added to RuBP, it creates a 6 carbon sugar that then does what? | Splits to create two 3 carbon sugars called phosphoglycerate. |
| What is the end product of photosynthesis called? | PGAL (diphosphoglycerate) |
