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Am History #7
American History Chap 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Confederation | A close alliance of states |
| Articles of Confederation | Charter for joining the colonies into a confederation. Granted legitimacy to the loosely constructed Continental Congress. Provided minimum authority needed to conduct the war |
| Unicameral | Having only one house. Each state legislature could elect 2 – 7 representatives to attend. But each state only had one vote. |
| Treaty of Paris | forced England to recognize American Independence. End the revolutionary war |
| Northwest Territory | All lands north of the Ohio River that passed into the hands the national government |
| Ordinance of 1784 | written by Thomas Jefferson. Proposed creating 10 new states, each of which would be completely equal |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | Divided the new lands into orderly townships for sale and development |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | territory was to be divided into at least 3, but no more than five states. Each state would go through 3 stages to become a state. |
| Stages of statehood for the Northwest Ordinance – stage 1 | region under control of the federal government; |
| Stages of statehood for the Northwest Ordinance – stage 2 | with 5,000 inhabitants it became a territory which could elect a legislature and send a representative to congress, but they could not vote; Stages of statehood for the Northwest Ordinance – stage 3 |
| Hard money | silver and gold |
| Continental dollars | paper money that had little or no value |
| Newburgh Conspiracy | A rebellion by officer’s in Washington’s HQ who wanted to use the army to force congress to grant them more money and to establish a new government under a king or dictator |
| Shay’s Rebellion | Daniel Shay, a veteran of the revolution led an insurrection of farmers against the courts of the states |
| Annapolis Convention | .A trade convention called by the legislature of Virginia and Maryland to include all 13 states, but only 5 attended. This was a follow-up to Mount Vernon meeting which discussed trade disputes involving the Potomac River |
| Constitutional Convention (1787) | called by the Confederation Congress because of growing fear of anarchy. The delegates agreed that a national government should to be established consisting of a supreme Legislative, Executive and Judiciary |
| James Madison | father of the constitution; his ideas provided the framework for the constitution. Quote: “settle forever the fate of the republican government” |
| Virginia Plan | advocated the bicameral or two house Congress with representation based on state population |
| Bicameral | two house congress |
| New Jersey Plan | a small state plan. Each state having one vote regardless of its population; a unicameral congress |
| Roger Sherman | from Connecticut; put together a compromise that narrowly salvaged the convention and the constitution (The Great Compromise) |
| Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) | Proposed that the lower house be based on state population whereas representation in the senate would be equal regardless of size |
| Three Fifths Compromise | slaves would only count as three-fifths of a person for counting population for the House of Representatives |
| Limited government | a written constitution defining small government unlike the British which is unwritten. Defined the limits of governmental power and the scope of individual liberty; Supported by the separation of powers and checks and balances. |
| Separation of powers | division of government into 3 separate branches: Legislative, Executive and Judicial |
| Checks and balances | establishes the balance of power among the three branches of government |
| Federalism | division of power between the national and state government |
| Popular sovereignty | idea that the ultimate source of governmental power is vested in the people |
| Preamble | ”We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union….” |
| Electoral College | each state has a number of electors equal to the states representation in congress. In general all the electoral votes from a state go to the presidential candidate who receives the majority of the popular vote from that state |
| Amendments | changes in or additions to the Constitution; |
| Federalists | those favoring the Constitution |
| Anti-Federalists | those opposed to the Constitution |
| “Cato” | George Clinton, the governor of New York using the pseudonym of Cato wrote a New York newspaper article denouncing the Constitution |
| “Publius” | Alexander Hamilton, the lone NY delegate who had supported and signed the Constitution |
| The Federalist | essays complied and published in two volumes, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay. |
| Ratification of the Constitution (1788) | The states giving their consent to the Constitution. Led by Delaware. Required approval of at least 9 states by Article VII of the Constitution |
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