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History - Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The U.S.'s FIRST Constitution was called what? | The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union |
| The head of the committee designated to write the FIRST U.S. Constitution in 1777 was: | John Dickinson |
| The chief problem in the RATIFICATION of the FIRST CONSTITUTION in 1777-1781 was: | states with no land claims thought they would become depopulated due to cheap land in the west |
| The solution to the problem of ratification of the FIRST CONSTITUTION in 1781 was: | Virginia and six other states gave up their land claims |
| The names of the legislation which in 1785 & then in 1787 provided for surveying the west & accepting new states into the union were what? | Land Ordinance of 1785, Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
| The weaknesses of the U.S. government from 1777 to 1787 included what? | no ability to amend Articles of Confederation, no ability to tax, no judiciary or presidency, weak central government |
| Meetings to discuss means of improving trade & commerce between the states took place in 1785 & 1786 where? | 1785 - Mount Vernon, VA (Washington's Home); 1786 - Annapolis, MD |
| In 1786 the Confederation Congress authorized a meeting the next May 1787 for the purpose of doing what to the Articles? | "to make the Articles adequate to the exigencies of the Union" |
| What kinds of laws had been passed in Rhode Island in the 178Os? | Stay Laws |
| What was the purpose of Daniel Shay and his farmer friends in the winter of 1786-87? | to keep farm foreclosures from being carried out |
| What MAY have been the effect of Shay's Rebellion in western Massachusetts on the state legislatures? | prompted states to send delagates to the constitutional convention in Philadelphia, May 1787 |
| The Constitutional Convention in 1787 met publicly? | No, met in secret |
| Who was the "father" of the Constitution of 1787? | James Madison |
| The Constitution of 1787 was ratified by means of what? | State Ratifying Conventions |
| The Constitution of 1787 was a document that did WHAT to the relationship between the central government & the PEOPLE? | separated the people from the central government |
| The author of The Federalist #1O that argued that the separation of powers would avoid a tyrannical strong central government was who? | James Madison |
| The state that did not attend the Constitutional Convention in 1787 was: | Rhode Island |
| The chief author of the BILL OF RIGHTS in 1789 1790 was: | James Madison |
| The FIRST vice-president was: | John Adams |
| The FIRST Secretary of State under George Washington was: | Thomas Jefferson |
| The FIRST Secretary of the Treasury under Washington was: | Alexander Hamilton |
| The idea of paying the national debt at full face value was called: | funding |
| The idea of paying the outstanding STATE debts at full face value was known as: | assumption |
| The three proposals of Alexander Hamilton regarding financial matters included: | funding & assumption, bank of the U.S., high protective tariff |
| The COMPROMISE that allowed paying the FULL FACE value of the state & national debts said: | The capital would be in the South |
| The reason Jefferson & Madison OBJECTED to the proposal for a BANK OF THE UNITED STATES was that it: | was unconstitutional |
| The NINTH amendment to the Constitution was significant as it said that: | Amendments 1-8 were not exclusive |
| The socalled STATES RIGHTS amendment to the Constitution was ORIGINALLY intended to protect the integrity of: | the central government |
| The prohibitions in the Constitution against the establishment of a religion, etc. protected citizens against their violation by: | the national government only |
| The argument by Hamilton that the Bank was CONSTITUTIONAL was based upon WHAT CLAUSE of the Constitution? | "necessary and proper" clause |
| Jefferson's argument AGAINST the Bank created a form of interpreting the Constitution known as: | strict interpretation |
| The Jeffersonian attempt to appeal to the public by means of a newspaper & "Democratical Clubs" was brought to an end by: | Washington's denouncement (in farewell address) |
| Those who followed Hamilton in political matters were called: | Hamiltonian Federalists |
| Those who followed Jefferson in political matters were called: | Jeffersonian Republicans |
| The election of 1796 resulted in the president & vice-president who were: | John Adams, Thomas Jefferson |
| The president elected in 1796 was: | John Adams |
| One reason the election of 1796 turned out so peculiarly was: | Hamilton manipulated it |
| The obviously unconstitutional pieces of legislation passed in President Adam's administration in 1798 were called the: | Alien and Sedition Acts |
| The Federalists intended in 1798 to do what to the Republicans? | destroy them |
| In the Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions of 1799 both Jefferson & Madison suggested WHO could declare a federal law UNCONSTITUTIONAL? | states |
| Jefferson was elected president in 1801 after 35 ballots & the assistance of whom in the House of Representatives? | Alexander Hamilton |
| The Reason the election of 1801 had to be decided in the House was that: | Jefferson and Burr tied |
| What might have been the goals of Aaron Burr? | to be king |
| The occupiers of Louisiana from 1763 to 1800 were the: | Spanish |
| The reason Napoleon sold Louisiana to the U.S. in 1803 was the loss of his army in the uprising in: | Haiti |
| Jefferson responded to the renewed conflict between the French & English after 1805 with his: | embargo |
| The English defeated the French & Spanish in 1805 in a famous naval battle off: | Trafalger |
| The French & Napoleon became masters of the European continent in 1805 after defeating the English at the Battle of: | Austerlitz |
| The New Englanders during the Napoleonic Wars generally preferred which side? | British |
| The basic reason the U.S. declared war on Great Britain in 1812 had to do with the discovery of British weapons among the Indian corpses at: | the Battle of Tippicanoe |
| The name of the treaty that ended the War of 1812 on 24 December 1814 on the basis of the STATUS QUO ANTE BELLUM was: | Treaty of Ghent, Belgium |
| The Battle of New Orleans was fought a MONTH after the end of the war of 1812 & gave rise to the career of: | Andrew Jackson |
| What was the name of the meeting in 1814 in December when New Englanders said they would SECEDE if "Mr. Madison's" war were not ended? | Hartford Convention |
| The phrase "VIRGINIA DYNASTY" referred to: | successive years of Virginian Presidents |
| The phrase "KING CAUCUS" referred to: | caucus method of choosing the president |
| In the British Treaty Line of 1818 the northern boundary of the U.S. in the Louisiana Territory was set along which line? | 49th Parallel |
| What was the defensive posture of the US and Canada as a result of the Rush-Bagot Agreement? | entire border undefended |
| In the Rush-Bagot or British Treaty Line Agreement of 1818 what was the status of the Oregon Territory? | joint occupation, 10 years renewable |
| What famous American general invaded Florida and occupied it in 1818 and then executed two British gunrunners? | Andrew Jackson |
| Who was the Secretary of State who was instrumental in getting Spain to hand over Florida in 1819? | John Quincy Adams |
| According to the Adams-de Onis Treaty of 1819 what was the southern boundary of the Louisiana Territory? | Sabine to Red River to 100th meridian to Arkansas River to 42nd parallel to Pacific Ocean |
| What were the proposals made by President Madison in 1816? | Neo-federalist proposals, Funding & Assumption of the War of 1812, Second Bank of the U.S., High Protective Tariff, Internal Improvements |
| Why did the Republicans propose a "neo-federalist" list of actions in 1816? | they worked |
| Who was the author and advocate of the AMERICAN SYSTEM? | Henry Clay |
| What did the AMERICAN SYSTEM mean? | High protective tariff coupled with internal improvements |
| What was the name of the two factions into which the Republican Party had split between 1816 and 1824? | Democratic Republicans, National Republicans |
| Who was the LAST of the 18th century presidents who wore a three cornered hat and espoused the ideals of the late 18th century? | James Monroe |
| What was the meaning of the phrase, "An Era of Good Feelings?" | no political quarrels |
| The Panic of 1819 especially upset what part of the country? | the West |
| The Missouri Compromise of 1819 1820 resulted in what two new states coming into the union? | Missouri and Maine |
| In the Missouri Compromise there was to be NO Slavery in what area? | Above 36-30 |
| The "Monroe Doctrine" really ought to be attributed to what intelligent Secretary of State? | John Quincy Adams |
| The "caucus"`candidate for president in 1824 was: | William Crawford |
| The man who got a PLURALITY in the Electoral College in the election of 1824 was: | Andrew Jackson |
| The reason that Crawford could not be considered for the presidency in the House in 1825 was that he: | Had a stroke |
| What was the role of Henry Clay in selecting the president in the House of Representatives in 1825? | "kingmaker" |
| Was there a real "corrupt bargain" between Clay and Adams in 1825? | no, but it looked that way |
| What job in Adams' government did Clay get in 1825? | Secretary of State |
| What were the issues that were looked at askance by the COMMON MAN in Adams' presidency from 1825 to 1829? | national university, national observatories, defended indians |
| The first president who had little formal education, travelled little & who acted on his whims & often emotion was: | Andrew Jackson |
| What WAS the Doctrine of the Common Man? | any white adult male could vote |
| In 1828 what was said by the followers of Adams to discredit Jackson? | he was violent, murderer, adulterer |
| In the election of 1828 what was said by the followers of Jackson to discredit Adams? | always received a salary from the government, ate off golden plates, gaming device in the white house, procured prostitutes for the Tzar |
| What did the election of 1828 suggest about the TONE of democratic campaigns? | becoming negative |
| What kind of people were appointed to government jobs by Andrew Jackson? | ordinary people |
| What did Jackson say was his political theory? | Jeffersonian (not so) |
| How did Jackson respond to the land bill of Henry Clay? | vetoed it |
| How did Jackson respond to the Supreme Court decision of John Marshall regarding the Indians? | thumbed his nose |
| How did Jackson respond to efforts to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United States in 1832? | vetoed it, beginning the "bank war" |
| How did Jackson use the veto power of the president? | as he wished |
| Jackson's party changed its name to what in 1832? | Democratic |
| The method used in 1832 by Jackson's party to choose presidential candidates was: | National Nominating Convention |
| What were the contributions of the WEST to a limited democracy? | removed artificial barriers, people were judged by their actions |
| The woman who advocated humane treatment of the insane and criminals was: | Dorothea Dix |
| The man who promoted a required public school curriculum in Massachusetts was: | Horace Mann |
| The founder of the Shaker religious community was: | Mother Ann Lee |
| To the Shakers Christ reappeared in the 18th century as a: | woman (Mother Ann Lee) |
| The founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints or Mormon Church was: | Joseph Smith |
| The Mormon leader who took his flock to Utah in the 184Os to escape persecution in the United States was: | Brigham Young |
| Included among the SECULAR or worldly perfectionist or communitarian experiments were the: | New Harmony, IN (Robert Owen); Brook Farm, MA (Trancendentalists); Oneida Group, NY (John H Noyes) |
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