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chp 15 gs us vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Dwight Eisenhower | was a general; commanded the allied invasion of north africa |
| 2. George S. Patton Jr. | an innovative tank commander |
| 3. unconditonal surrender | giving up without any concessions |
| 4. saturation bombing | the goal of this was to inflict maximum damage. (british bombed germany) |
| 5. strategic bombing | the goal of this was to destroy germany's capacity to make war |
| 6. Tuskegee Airmen | an african american fighter squadron |
| 7. Chester Nimitz | commander of the u.s. navy in the pacific |
| 8. Battle of Midway | was the turning point of the war in the pacific; ending the japanese advance |
| 9. A. Philip Randolph | savvy labor leader who asserted african americans wouldn't accept second-class citizenship |
| 10. Executive Order 8802 | was passed by president roosevelt that assured fair hiring practices in any job funded with gov. money and established the fair employment practices committee to enforce these requirements |
| 11. bracero program | the u.s. partnered with mexico in bringing laborers from mexico to work on american farms |
| 12. internment | temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group. |
| 13. Korematsu v. U.S. | was a case were the supreme court upheld the gov.'s wartime internment policy. |
| 14. 442nd Regimental Combat Team | fought in the italian campaign and became the most decorated military unit in american history. |
| 15. rationing | a form of economic control; americans were given coupon books that limited the amount of certain goods they could buy |
| 16. Office of War Information (OWI) | worked closely with the media to encourage support of the war effort; they tried to spotlight common needs, minimize racial and economic divisions, and downplay problems of poverty and crime. |
| 17. D-Day | the allies invaded germany on june 6 1944. |
| 18. Battle of the Bulge | battle were the germans caught the allies by surprise. created bulges in the american line and captured key towns |
| 19. Harry 2. Truman | was president after FDR died. saw the victory of the war |
| 20. island-hopping | were the americans captured the japanese islands and made a straight path toward japan |
| 21. kamikaze | japanese pilots purposely crashed their planes into american ones. |
| 22. Albert Einstein | one of the world's most famous scientist. told president roosevelt to proceed with atomic development |
| 23. Manhattan Project | was the code-name for the building of the atomic bomb. which cost billions of dollars and employed people |
| 24. J. Robert Oppenheimer | was a physicist and leader of the manhattan project |
| 25. Holocaust | were the Nazis tried to kill all jews |
| 26. antisemitism | hitler blamed all the ills of germany on the jews |
| 27. nuremberg laws | denied german citizenship to jews, banned marriage between jews and non-jews, and segregated jews in society. |
| 28. kristallnacht | "night of broken glass" were nazi officials ordered attacks on jews in germany, austria, and sudetenland. |
| 29. genocide | annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group |
| 30. concentration camps | where members of specially designated groups were confined. (jews were often kept here by the germans) |
| 31. death camps | where prisoners were murdered |
| 32. War Refugee Board | worked with the red cross to save thousands of jews |
| 33. Yalta Conference | where the big three decided that poland, bulgaria, and romania would hold free elections |
| 34. superpower | soviet union and u.s. were the dominate figures. |
| 35. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) | 1948 this treaty was designed to expand world trade by reducing tariffs. |
| 36. United Nations (UN) | an organization that was to succeed where the league of nations faild |
| 37. Universal Declaration of Human Rights | this condemns slavery and torture,and upholds freedom of speech and religion. passed by the un 1948 |
| 38.Geneva Convention | an international agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war. |
| 39. Nuremberg Trials | were allies persecuted Nazis for war crimes |