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History Black Notes
October 21 - December 22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who were the two exceptions to state governments? | The Charter Colonies of Rhode Island and Connecticut |
| What helped shape state governments? | The ideas of the Declaration of Independence |
| What did the Bill of Rights include? | Freedom of religion, speech and press, right to assemble, right of trial by jury, and equality of all citizens before the law |
| What are the three branches of government? | Executive, Legislative, Judicial |
| What were their principles? | Separation of church and state |
| Slavery was... | Abolished in Massachusetts and condemned in other states |
| Still after the war, there was still inequality in... | -women cannot vote -slavery in most states -land owning clause to vote -denial to hold office for some religions |
| When was the Committee to Propose Workable Plan of Union established? | July 12, 1776 |
| By who? | John Dickenson |
| When did he adopt the Articles of Confederation ? | November 15,1777 |
| What was included in the articles? | -league of free and independent states -central government:Congress |
| Who made up Congress? | 2 to 7 delegates from each state, only one vote |
| What was the problem? | Each state had to ratify articles |
| When were the Articles of Confederation adopted? | 1781 |
| Which state was the last to adopt? | Maryland |
| What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 provide? | Government survey of squares of land 6 by 6 called townships |
| What was section 16 reserved for? | Public Schools |
| How many were reserved for U.S.? | 4 |
| The other 31 were sold at what price? | No less than $1.00 |
| What were the advantages of the Land Ordinance of 1785? | -Ease of defense against Indians -Eliminated land disputes -Provide confederation government with money |
| What was the 1780 resolution? | New Western lands would be equal to older states |
| What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? | -The system for governing Northwest -Congress appoints a governor and 3 judges |
| What consisted a legislature? | Population of 5,000 free males of voting age. They can appoint a non voting member to Congress. |
| How many inhabitants were required to draft a constitution? | 60,000 free inhabitants |
| When could it become a state? | When the constitution is approved |
| What were some other Northwest Ordinance Clauses? | -No slavery in Northwest territory -Encouraged public education in Northwest territory -Treated Indians in good faith |
| What were some problems in the Articles of Confederation? | -too weak a central government -lack of strong executive -no central court -lack of military power -lack of power to regulate forces, to over interstate trade, over foreign trade, and to enforce treaties |
| What was the threat of a Civil War? | Economic Depressions |
| What came as a result? | -Heavier taxes on farmers -lack of market -Massachusetts hit hardest -summer 1786: demanded relief from Mass. state legislature -foreclosures took place |
| Who led Shay's Rebellion? | Daniel Shay |
| What did the Massachusetts farmers demand? | state legislatures stop foreclosures and give farmers more representation |
| What did Shay and his group tried to do? | seize and arsenal in Springfield, Massachusetts |
| What was the problem with that? | No real army |
| Why did locals need to raise money? | To put out rebellion |
| And this showed the need for... | stronger central government |
| What was the sign of prosperity? | 1785: America trading with countries outside British empire |
| What was the purpose of creating a Federal Union? | to decide on a uniform trade system |
| How many states came to Annapolis, Maryland 1786? | 5 |
| How many states were they supposed to meet with? | All |
| How many states came on May 14, 1787? | Only 2 |
| How many on May 25, 1787? | 7 |
| How old was Benjamin Franklin? | 81 |
| Who was chosen as presiding officer for the Constitutional Convention? | George Washington |
| Why was it held in secret? | Feared it would start arguing |
| Who memorized all proceedings and wrote them down? | James Madison |
| What did the delegates feel? | just a revision of Articles of Confederation would not be enough |
| What did they need? | -new constitution -stronger central government -power in the hands of the people -separate government branches -power to: tax, raise an army, regulate trade |
| What was the conflict between North and South over? | slaves |
| What did the South want? | Slaves counted when figuring number of representatives, not when figuring number of taxes |
| What did the North want? | Slaves counted when figuring taxes, not when figuring number of representatives |
| What was the Great Compromise? | 3/5s for both.. slaves counted as 3/5s of a person |
| What was the Commerce Compromise dispute over? | Who should control Commerce and regulation of slave trade |
| Who did the North want? | Central government |
| What did the South fear? | Congress would impose tariffs |
| What was the Convention Conclusion? | Commerce Compromise |
| What was the Commerce Compromise? | -Congress has power to regulate foreign and some slave trade - congress has power to levy tariffs on imports but not on exports |
| Congress could not regulate or tax slave trade until when? | 1808 |
| When was the written Constitution completed? | Summer of 1787 |
| What happened on September 17, 1787? | -39 delegates went back home -needed 9 out of 13 |
| What were some objections? | -states were loosing too much power -not enough control for voters -president selected by electors that were not chosen by the people -lack of Bill of Rights |
| Order and Struggles for Ratification | -Dec 1787: Delaware followed by NJ and Penn -Early 1788: GA and CT -Feb 1788: Mass. followed by MD, SC, NH -Harsh battles fought in NY and Virginia -Virginia passed because of Washington -NY because of "The Federalists" -Nov 1789: NC -Spring 1790: |
| Who was elected as first president? | George Washington |
| Who was elected as vice president? | John Adams |
| Who selected electors? | Voters |
| Who would cast the vote for president and vice? | electors |
| Who got the largest number of votes? | President |
| Second largest? | Vice president |
| Who was elected as president in the elections of 1796? | John Adams |
| Who was elected as vice in 1796? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What was the problem with the French? | They viewed U.S. as pro-British. Growing problem. |
| What happened in 1795 with the French Directory? | They refused to receive American ambassador to France |
| When did the XYZ affair occur? | Early 1797 |
| How many American ambassadors were sent to France? | 3 |
| How did the French react? | They refused to see them |
| What were the 3 insulting demands? | -America must publicly apologize to French for any unkind remarks -U.S. must give loan to France -U.S. must pay $250,000 bribe to French Directory |
| What did the Americans want? | war |
| When did the government create a Navy Department? | 1798 |
| Who was called to assume command? | George Washington |
| How many vessels flying French flags captured? | More than 80 |
| How was the war avoided? | -Adams sent another peace commission in 1799 -Napoleon overthrew directory and wanted peace |
| Who passed the Alien and Sedition Acts? | Federalists in Congress |
| Naturalization Act | Claimed foreigners must reside in U.S. 14 years for citizenship |
| Alien Act | Gave president right to expel all aliens he felt dangerous to peace and safety of U.S |
| Alien Enemies Act | Authorized President in time of war to banish or put in prison any foreigner that was thought dangerous |
| Sedition Act | Fines anyone using language to stir up discontent or rebellion against government |
| Election of 1800 a.k.a as ... | Revolution of 1800 |
| The campaign was... | Bitter |
| Who were the top 3 candidates? | John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr |
| Election was tied between who? | Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson (Both Democratic-Republican) |
| Where did they go to break the tie? | the House |
| Thomas Jefferson was elected thanks to who? | Alexander Hamilton |
| When was Jefferson's inaguration? | March 4,1801 |
| Who did not attend? | John Adams |
| What did Jefferson promise? | He would not be too radical |
| When did Napoleon secure Louisiana territory from Spain? | 1800 (Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains) |
| Why was the U.S. alarmed? | France had a stronger military than Spain |
| Who was the minister to Paris? | Robert Livingston |
| How much money did he offer for Louisiana territory? | $10 million |
| What was the final negotiated amount and when? | $15 million in 1803 |
| Why would Napoleon sell? | -feared that U.S. or Britain would take it -needed money for war -France had lost Haiti in 1791, less reason to stay -had plans to conquer Europe |
| What was the American reaction to the purchase? | -Federalists thought it was too much money -They thought Jefferson did not provide for such a purpose and took Constitution in his own hands |
| What did this show? | ideas were changing in America |
| Who was sent to explore the new land purchase? | Meriwether Lewis and William Clark |
| How many men left St. Louis on May 14, 1804? | 30 |
| Where did they go? | Missouri River |
| What did they receive and where did they journey? | Indian guides and journeyed 30 miles over mountain trails |
| Sacajawea | Helped in understanding Indians and customs |
| What happened on September 23, 1806? | They returned home with maps and journals |
| Who discovered Pike's Peak? | Zebulon Pike |
| What were Jefferson's actions as president? | -repealed Naturalization Act -repealed Judiciary Act -reduced army and navy (feared strong central government) -continued some federalists laws -hated bank of U.S. (Charter till 1811) |
| Where where the Pirates of Barbary States from? | Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli |
| What did the Pirates do? | -seized European and American ships -held crews for ransom -U.S. and Europe had been paying bribes (worse for U.S.) |
| Who sent navy to attack harbor of Tripoli? | Jefferson |
| When did Tripoli sign peace treaty? | 1805 |
| What did Lt. Stephan Decatur with help from Europe do? | -ended problems with Barbary states -no more problems by 1815 |
| What were the results of the Barbary Experience? | -Mediterranean free to sail -U.S. navy gained valuable experience and European respect |
| Who won elections of 1804? | Thomas Jefferson, George Clinton VP |
| Charles Pickney | Federalists |
| Jefferson won every state except... | Delaware and Connecticut |
| When did Aaron Burr become a Federalist? | 1804 |
| What position did he run for? | Governor of New York |
| Who did not like Burr and what did he do? | Alexander Hamilton, urged people to vote against him |
| After Burr lost what did he demand? | Hamilton say sorry |
| When did Burr challenge Hamilton to a duel? | July 11, 1804 |
| Who lost the duel? | Hamilton |
| what were the secret plans of Burr? | to set up his own union |
| So he had to flee, then what happened? | -captured and tried for treason -acquitted and chose to live in Europe -later moved back to N.Y. |
| By 1807 Napoleon had conquered all of Europe except which two countries? | England and Russia |
| The British were... | very powerful |
| What were Napoleon's problems? | -British naval vessels controlled the sea that France had to cross for trade -needed help from American merchants |
| What was the interference with American Trade? | -American goods gave France power -expansion of U.S. fleet threatened to make U.S. major competition |
| Orders of Council | -Adopted by England -Forbade all U.S. ships to enter any ports under Napoleon control |
| Berlin Decree 1806 | -issued by Napoleon -forbade all nations to trade with England -American freedom of seas was violated -U.S. merchants blockade selling smuggled goods -British seizure and impressments of American sailors |
| 1807 British ship Leopard: | -Demanded to search U.S. Chesapeake -Leopard fired on Chesapeake -3 U.S. killed, 18 wounded, 4 seized |
| Embargo Act 1807 | -Removed all American ships from seas -forbade trade with any foreign language -hard to enforce -hurt merchants -repealed March 1, 1809 |
| Who refused to run for elections of 1808? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who won elections of 1808? | James Madison, George Clinton VP |
| Why was the war of 1812 fought? | 1. Freedom of Seas 2. Land Hunger: Western farmers wanted to extend into North 3.Desire to defeat American Southwest 4.American Pride (tired of impressments) 5.Troubled with Indians 6.Demands of War Hawks |
| Indians formed a defense against? | American expansion |
| Who was the Shawnee chief? | Tecumseh |
| What did he create? | Unity of Indian tribes |
| What did he not want? | war |
| Where did he organize his warriors? | Wabash River at Tippecanoe |
| Who lead the U.S. army against the Indians at Tippecanoe? | General William Henry Harrison |
| Both suffered massive losses, but who fled? | Indians |
| Where and when was Tecumseh killed? | At Battle of Thames 1813 |
| Who led the War Hawks? | John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay |
| When was the Declaration of War? | June 18, 1812 |
| Who were the candidates for the elections of 1812? | James Madison (Democratic-Republican) De Witt Clinton (Federalists) |
| What was the war called? | "Mr. Madison's War" |
| What happened on December 5, 1814? | Hartford Convention |
| What was the Hartford Convention? | Proclaimed that when any minority within the country considered laws of the federal government unconstitutional the minority had right to declare such laws null and void |
| What were America's lack of preparation? | -12 navy ships, Britain had 800 -army of 7,000 -commanders were old -no commander as leader |
| What was the primary objective of the war? | Conquest of Canada |
| What was the 3-prong plan to enter war? | -attack from Detroit -attack from Niagara Area -attack from Plattsburg |
| 1812 progress (Series of Disasters) | General William Hull crossed Detroit River into Canada, but in fear of losing supplies, he withdrew from Canada and surrendered Detroit without firing a shot |
| Garrison was taken by the British at which fort? | Ft. Dearborn |
| Where were the British repulsed to feeble U.S. attacks? | Niagra River |
| What happened in November 1812? | American militia refused to go into Montreal once they reached the border of Canada |
| How were things in 1813? | looking up |
| What happened in April 1813? | Naval military expedition from Sackets Harbor |
| What did the navy do in Toronto upon arrival? | burned buildings |
| What did Oliver "Hazard" Perry do? | fought on lake Erie and took Detroit back |
| What did William Henry Harrison do? | Overtook retreating British troops on October 5 at Thames River |
| What was the Indian reaction to Tecumseh's death? | They abandoned British cause |
| What was happening in 1814-1815? | -Napoleon was defeated -Battle of Chippewa |
| What did General Jacob Brown do? | -Crossed Niagra River -July 5 defeated the British |
| How was the British campaign in 1814? | Major |
| What was happening in Potomac River? | British marched into D.C. and burned public buildings |
| What happened in Baltimore? | Francis Scott Key writes 'Star Spangled Banner' |
| How was New Orleans in January 1815? | -foggy -British could not see -led by Pakenham -fought after Peace treaty signed |
| Rush Bagot Treaty | -Signed in Washington 1817 -U.S. and Canada would keep only a few small vessels for police purposes on Lake Champlain and Great Lakes |
| What was the turning point in history after the treaty of Detroit? | -U.s. becomes more independent -Europe treated U.S. with more respect -next 100 years U.S. stays out of Europe affairs |
| Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? | England. (Britain, Boston. hahhahaha) |
| Who was Samuel Slater? | used water power |
| What was happening between 1810-1813? | U.S. annexed territory West Florida |
| What was the deal with East Florida? | -Jackson was taking Spanish forts |
| What happened in the East Seminole War? | -Jackson took 2 Spanish forts -Spain decided to sell Florida while still held by Spain |
| What was the Adams-Onis treaty? | -gave U.S. land east Mississippi River together with claims that Spain had in Oregon territory -U.S. paid 5 million to U.S. citizens that had unpaid claims from Spain |
| Who won the election of 1820 uncontested? | James Monroe |
| When did Missouri apply for statehood? | 1818 |
| Who was the author of the Missouri Compromise? | Henry Clay |
| Which state entered as a slave state in 1821? | Missouri |
| Which state entered as a free state in 1820? | Maine |
| What was the 36th/30? | No new slaves in Louisina territory |
| Who wrote the Monroe Doctrine in 1823? | John Quincy Adams |
| What did U.S. worry Spain might do? | recapture Latin American colonies |
| What did U.S. worry Russia might do?> | extend its claims in Alaska to include the Oregon territory |
| What was the Monroe Doctrine? | -The western hemisphere is closed to European colonization -if Europe observed this, then U.S. would not intervene in Europe's affairs |
| What party were all the candidates of the election of 1824? | Democratic Republican |
| Who was the Southern Candidate and what was his position? | William Crawford Secretary of Treasury under Monroe |
| Who were the two Western Candidates? | Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay |
| Who was the Northern Candidate and what was his position? | John Quincy Adams Secretary of State under Monroe |
| Who had the majority of popular votes? | Jackson |
| What were the electoral votes for Jackson, Adams, Crawford, and Clay? | 99 84 41 37 respectively |
| What were the percentages for Jackson, Adams, Crawford, and Clay? | 42 32 13 13 respectively |
| Jacson did not have enough... | electoral votes |
| what is the 12th ammendment? | House of Representatives elects president from top 3 candidates if majority is not achieved |
| Who does Henry Clay agree to support? | John Quincy Adams |
| What did JQ agree with? | Clay's American system of high tariffs and did not like Jackson |
| Who won the election of 1824? | John Quincy Adams |
| Who did JQ make Secretary of State? | Henry Clay |
| What did Andrew Jackson begin to do? | Campaign actively for 1828 election |
| JQ Adams Presidency included some.. | internal improvements |
| When was the Erie Canal opened? | 1825 |
| How long was the Erie Canal and what did it do? | 363 miles long and linked Atlantic to the Great Lakes |
| What two improvements happened in 1828? | -Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Groundbreaking -Westward Extension of Cumberland Road |
| Which two presidents died on July 4, 1826? | John Adams and Thomas Jefferson |
| When was the Panama Congress? | 1826 |
| Why did President JQ Adams support U.S. participation in the Panama Congress? | to foster cooperation |
| How did the South feel about the Panama Congress? | -did not like the meeting: felt it would condemn slavery -Delayed U.S. delegates confirmation -they could not reach Panama in time for congress |
| What is another name for the Tariff of 1828? | Tariff of Abominations (dubbed by Southerners and Jacksonians) |
| What was the Tariff of 1828? | JQ Adams proposed a high tariff of imported manufactured goods |
| How did the Jackson supporters oppose the tariff? | by including a tariff on imported raw materials |
| Who drafted the South Carolina Exposition? | John C Calhoun |
| What two things did this exposition do? | -condemned the tariff as unjust and unconstitutional -claimed the state has the right to nullify such federal laws |
| In the election of 1828, who were the national republican candidates? | JQ Adams and Richard Rush |
| In the election of 1828, who were the democrat candidates? | Andrew Jackson and John C Calhoun |
| How was the election? | personal |
| What was Jackson accused of? | Adultery for living with Rachel before her divorce was final |
| What was Adams accused of? | The "corrupt bargain" |
| campaigning quote... | "Do you want John Quincy Adams who can write? or Andrew Jackson who can fight?" |
| What were the electoral votes and percentage for Jackson? | 178 (56%) |
| What were the electoral votes and percentage for JQ Adams? | 83 (44%) |
| Adams refused to go to the inauguration of Jackson, who he nicknamed... | King Mob |
| When did Jackson become president? | March 4, 1829 |
| What were Jackson's 3 convictions? | 1. Political Democracy 2. National rather than state sovereignty 3. Power of the Presidency |
| What was different about Jackson? | He was the first common-man president |
| What happened in his inauguration? | mobs trashed the White House |
| How long was the Peggy Eaton Affair? | From 1829 to 1831 |
| What was the whole affair? | John Eaton was having an affair with Peggy O'Neale Timberlake. Her hubby died at sea in 1828 reportedly from suicide and John and Peggy marry soon after. 2 months later John was named secretary of war for Jackson. |
| What did Mrs. John C Calhoun do? | Called on the cabinet members and their wives to have nothing to do with the Eatons. |
| What was Jackson's reaction? | He was upset and ordered them to be nice |
| Who was the only one to be nice? | Martin Van Buren |
| This continued until... | John Eaton resigned in 1831 |
| When was the kitchen cabinet active? | 1829 to 1833 |
| How did the kitchen cabinet come about? | Jackson abandoned his regular cabinet and formed it on informal group of advisors. |
| Why was it dubbed "kitchen cabinet"? | because they snuck in through the kitchen |
| Who were the only 2 regular cabinet members? | -Martin Van Buren -John Eaton |
| The Spoils system | -huge turnover in personnel -"to the victor go the spoils" -criticized by opposition |
| What happened on April 13,1830 | Clash of Toasts |
| What two things were said in the Jefferson Day Dinner? | -Jackson: "our federal union, it must be preserved." -Calhoun: "The Union- next to out liberty, the most dear." |
| When was the Indian Removal Act passed by Congress? | May 26, 1830 |
| What was the Indian Removal Act? | forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi River to the area of the Red and Arkansas River |
| What happened under the act? | 125,000 Native Americans were pressured to give up their lands |
| When did the Black Hawk War occur? | 1832 |
| Who was the Black Hawk War between? | Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois |
| Who led the Indians? | Chief Black Hawk in defiance of the Indian Removal Act |
| Which tribes were being forced into Iowa territory? | Sac and Fox Indians |
| Who led the Americans to defeat Chief Black Hawk? | General Henry Atkinson |
| Who was among those fighting? | 23 year old Abraham Lincoln |
| When was the Trail of Tears? | 1838 |
| How many Cherokees had to move? | 15,000 |
| How many died along the way? | 4,000 |
| Why did it become known as the Trail of Tears? | Because of all the deaths and grieving that took place |
| In 1831 who founded the Liberator? | William Lloyd Garrison |
| What was the the Liberator? | First American newspaper demanding abolition od slavery |
| Who led the slaves in the rebellion? | Nat Turner |
| How many slaves did he lead and what was the rebellion? | 70 slaves to kill their masters and their families |
| How many slaves were killed? | 100 |
| Nat Turner and how many others were executed? | 19 |
| Who was blamed for the rebellion? | Abolitionists |
| What did the Tariff of 1832 do? | Lowered Tariff of Abomination from 45% to 35% |
| What did South Carolina do? | declared the rates null a void |
| Who did they call on? | State legislature to prepare the military and threatened to secede if U.S. tried to collect tariff money |
| What was Jackson's response? | Dispatched navy and military |
| Who wrote Compromise Tariff of 1833? | Henry Clay |
| What was the Compromise Tariff of 1833? | Reduce it by 10% over the next 8 years |
| What was the Force Act? | Authorized the president to use army and navy to collect tariffs |
| Who becomes dictator of Mexico in 1835? | Santa Anna |
| When did Texas declare independence from Mexico? | March 2, 1836 |
| When did the Alamo occur? | March 6, 1836 |
| How many Texas rebels were killed by Santa Anna's troops in the Alamo? | 183 |
| Who were the leaders killed? | -Davy Crockett -William B. Travis -James Bowie |
| When was the battle of Goliad? | March 27, 1836 |
| How many Texan rebels were killed by Mexicans in the battle of Goliad? | 342 |
| When was the battle of San Jacinto? | April 21, 1836 |
| How many Texan rebels? | 900 |
| Who led in the battle later to become the President of the Republic of Texas? | Sam Houston |
| What was the outcome of San Jacinto? | Defeated Santa Anna's army and won Texan independence |
| Until when does Texas remain the "Lone Star Republic"? | 1845 when it becomes a state |
| When does Arkansas become a state? | 1836 |
| Who was running for the Democrats in the election of 1836? | Martin Van Buren |
| Who was running for the Whigs and where were they from? | Hugh Lawson White (Tennessee) Daniel Webster (Massachusetts) William Henry Harrison (Ohio) |
| Who won the election of 1836? | Martin Van Buren |
| When does Michigan become a state? | 1837 |
| What was the depression of 1837? | A problem inherited from Jackson. Van Buren ordered that the government only accept payment for land in gold or silver. |
| What happened when panic started? | People started demanding payment in gold or silver also |
| Why did the banks fail>? | They could not meet the demands |
| What was the Caroline Affair? | Canadians rebelling against British rule in Canada, America felt bad and sent ship Caroline to give them supplies. |
| What happened to the Caroline? | The ship was seized in U.S. waters, set on fire, and sent hurtling over the Niagara falls |
| Outcome of Caroline Affair? | 1 American killed, several injured |
| What was Van Buren's reaction? | he denounced the incident and issued a proclamation of neutrality |
| Election of 1840, who was running for the Whigs? | William Henry Harrison and John Tyler as V.P. |
| Election of 1840 who was running for the democrats? | Martin Van Buren |
| What were the slogans? | "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" "Van, Van, is a used up man" |
| Who won the election of 1840? | William Henry Harrison |
| How old was he? | 68 |
| When did he die? | April 4, 1841 |
| How many days in office? | 32 |
| What was the cause of the rise of sectionalism? | growth of transportation and industries |
| What was the problem with the right of succession for Tyler? | He believed he had all rights, others... not so much |
| What did the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 do? | fixed the present boundary line between Maine and New Brunswick |
| What were the terms of the treaty? | -U.S. obtained 7,000 of the 12,000 -Adjusted territory lines -Left Oregon issue for later -Established extradition procedures -called for joint effort to supress slave trade |
| What was the name of the warship that Tyler and dignitaries inspected? | U.S.S. Princeton |
| What river were they to sail down and back? | Potomac |
| What was the name of the world's largest naval gun at the time? | "Peacemaker" |
| What happened at the 3rd firing? | Gun exploded |
| Who was below deck? | Tyler |
| Who was killed in the Princeton explosion? | -Thomas W. Gilmer (Secretary of Navy) -David Gardiner (future father-in-law) -American diplomat -Navy officer -The president's valet |
| When was the Great Disappointment? | October 22, 1844 |
| When did Florida become the 27th state? | March 4, 1845 |
| When did Texas become the 28th state? | December 29, 1845 and was divided between slave and non slave |
| Who was running for the Whighs in the election of 1844? | Henry Clay |
| What was his platform? | Currency, tariffs, restriction of presidential veto, 1 term presidency |
| Who was running for the Democrats in the election of 1844? | James K. Polk |
| Who was running as VP for the Democrats in the election of 1844? | George M. Dallas |
| What was their platform? | Reoccupation of Oregon, annexation of Texas, against federally funded internal improvements. |
| How did Clay hurt his chances of winning? | by not supporting Texas |
| What was Polk's advantage? | He had very few enemies and announced that if he won, he would not seek a second term |
| What did the Democratic papers say? | Clay was a gambler, drunk, and shifty opportunist. |
| What did the Whighs papers say? | Polk was a puppet of Andrew Jackson and a coward |
| Who won the election of 1844? | James K. Polk |
| What was the Oregon Treaty? | U.S. wanted the territory between 42 and 54/40 parallels |
| What was the slogan for the Oregon Territory? | Fifty- Four Forty or Fight! |
| What was the compromise? | 49th parallel giving us the territories that are now Washington and Oregon |
| When does Iowa become the 29th state? | December 28, 1846 |
| Who came up with the Manifest Destiny? | John L. O'Sullivan |
| What was the main idea behind the Manifest Destiny? | America's destiny was to continue expanding westward |
| When was the Mexican War? | 1846-1848 |
| Why was the Mexican War fought? | Mexico refused to recognize Texas as a state of the U.S> |
| In the Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo, what did the U.S. get? | -Texas -California -New Mexico |
| What did Mexico get? | -$15 million from U.s -$3 million in debts paid by U.S. to Americans that Mexico owed money |
| What was the main issue in the election of 1848? | slavery |
| Who ran for the Democrats in the election of 1848? | Lewis Cass/ William Butler |
| Who ran for the Whighs in the election of 1848? | Zachary Taylor/ Millard Fillmore (Taylor won) |
| Who ran for the free- soil party in the election of 1848? | Martin Van Buren/ Charles Francis Adams |
| What was the Wilmot Proviso? | A Bill banning slavery in new territories. |
| How many slaves did Taylor own? | More than 100 so he did not comment on the issue of slavery |
| What did Lewis Cass propose? | "Squatter Sovereignty", let those who are there decide whether there is slavery |
| What did Martin Van Buren propose? | Free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men |
| On whose land was gold discovered? | John Sutter's |
| When? | January 24, 1848 |
| How many people swarmed over the property? | 4,000 |
| Who made up most of the population? | Unmarried men, Europeans and Asians |
| What was California's population in 1848? | 14,000 |
| What was California's population in 1849? | 100,000 |
| What was California's population in 1852? | 200,000 |
| What was the Galphin Claim? | Claim that the U.S. owed $191,000 to the Galphin family in interest |
| Who paid the full amount? | Secretary of Treasury William Meredith |
| Who never disclosed that he stood to receive half of everything? | Secretary of War |
| What happened when the news leaked out>? | Many criticized Taylor's administration |
| When was the death of Zachary Taylor? | July 9, 1850 |
| What remedies were tried to heal him? | raising blisters and drawing blood. Did not work |
| Who was the mortician? | Samuel Kirby |
| The wife was so upset that she.... | Refused to let Kirby to embalm his body, no death mask, but did allow a sketch of him to be made |
| When were the Episcopal funeral services held? | July 13, 1850 |
| Who conducted? | Reverend Smith Pyne |
| Who were the Pallbearers? | -Henry Clay -Daniel Webster -Lewis Cass |
| The procession included... | Over 100 carriages |
| What was the name of Taylor's horse? | "Old Whitey" |
| What was the controversy with Taylor's death? | Some claimed he had been poisoned from arsenic |
| What happened in the 90's? | Taylor's body was disintened and chemical tests were done on his bones. NO sign of arsenic |
| What two things brought Slavery question? | Wilmot Proviso and California statehood |
| Who wrote the compromise of 1850? | Henry Clay |
| California entered the union as.... | a free state |
| New Mexico and Utah territory.. | Issue decided by popular sovereignty |
| For how much did Texas give up her western boundary of the Rio Grande? | $10 million debt payment |
| What was abolished in D.C.? | slave trade |
| What was passed? | Stronger Fugitive Slave law |
| What was the Result of the compromise? | -Helped postpone civil war of 10years -satisfied moderates in the North -Temporarily satisfied the SOuth |
| In the election of 1852, What caused Fillmore's party rejection? | Support of the Fugitive Slave Law cost him support of Northern whighs |
| Who ran for the Whighs in the election of 1852? | Winfield Scott/ William Graham |
| What was interesting about Winfield Scott? | -war hero -Called "old fuss and feathers" |
| Who ran for the Democrats in the election of 1852? | Franklin Pierce/ William King |
| What was interesting about PIerce? | He was a former senator and a current lawyer |
| "Cotton Whighs" | Supported Scott |
| "Conscience Whighs" | Denounced the Whig platform but endorsed Scott |
| Slogan for Pierce? | "We Polked you in 1844, we shall Pierce you in 1852" |
| Who won the election of 1852? | Franklin Pierce |
| What was happening in the election of 1860? | Democrats struggle choosing candidates and platform |
| The party was split into... | -Southern Rights Democratic Party -Constitutional Union Party |
| Who was running for the Republicans in the election of 1860? | Abraham Lincoln |
| What was his platform? | -Moderate -Pledged exclusion of slavery from the territories -Called for monies to be collected for transcontinental railroad |
| Why was the South worried? | -They disliked any Republican because they would mark an end to Southern rule in politics |
| How does Lincoln win? | By winning every free state, only 40% popular vote |
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