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camillo di cavour prime minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia who wanted Sardinia to drive Austria out of northern iTALY
things cavour did he built railways, improfved agriculture, and developed industry
Sardinia became an ally of Britain and France, joining them in war against Russia
Sardinia would give Nice and Savoy to France in return for protection against a war with Austria
Cavour provoked Austria into war
Even though Franc and Sardinia won France signed a treaty with Austria that gave Lombrad but not Venetia to Sardinia
Giuseppe Garibaldi commander of the Red Shirts, who was determned to free the Kingdom of the Two Siciles from the Bourbon King
on March 1861 Victor EMMANUAL WAS PROCLAIMED kING OF iTALY
Zollverein an organization that reduced tariffs among its emmebers
Otto von Bismarck Prussia's prime minister in 1862, known to be against parliament opposed democracy and wanted to stregthen the power of king
bismarck was the mater of realpolitik politics in which success matters more than legality or idealism
Bismarck coined the phrase blood and iron
blood and iron meant no speeches, no idles, but war and technology would unite germany
Prussia and Austria went to war with Denmarck because Denmarck claimed two coastal regions- Schleswig and Holstein-- quickly defeated
Bismarck went to war with Austria over the dispute over the terroritories they gained together
Seven Weeks War of1866 Prussia qucikyl defeated Austria
Bismarck was confidnet that if Prussia went to war with France, the south Germanstates would slide with Prussia
The Spanish throne was ofered to a prince of Hohenzollern family, who ruled Prussia. France made the demand King William I of Prussia should prmise that no memmeber of the Hohenzollern family would ever accept the Spanish throne
Bismarck chaged the telergram to make it seem as if the Frednch ambassador and the German king insulted each other. Both countries demande war.
Franco-Prussian War took 6 weeks and Prussi won
Bismarck became chancellor
German government after unification was called Second Reich
William II dismissed Bismarck but believed in blood and iron
western influences on eastern empire people became aware of ideals of liberalism, democracy, and nationalism. heard about rebellions in many parts of Westen Europe
Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
Russia invaded Ottoman territory in an attempt to gain control of the Bosposus and the Dardanelles
Slavic people revolted because of internal unrest
Balkn and Russian forces defeated the Ottoman Turks
Russification the attempt to force the Russian lagnauge and culture upon a subject nation, against the Poles
Czar Alexander II belieed that Russia had to follow the moel of the Western countries, czar-liberator
Alexanders msot famous act was abolishing serfdom in 1861
Alexander also gave people some control over their own affairs, set up local counsils, and opened mor schools, modernized the court system, ferformed russian army
return to repression Alexander III became czar and ended revolutionary activity once and orall., persecuted Russian Jews
Dreyfus Affair a controversy that beacme the abtterground for the opposing forces of monarchists, aritrocrats, nationalists, clergy and army leaders.
theodor herzl an austro-hungarian jewish writer who called for a separate homeland where jews could be safe
realistic literature wrote about socialism and everyday ordinary life, tried to be true to life
new developments in music new harmonies that sounded strange to their listeners
impressionism their impresisn of the subject rather than a realistic represtation. edouard manet, calaude monet, edgar degas, pierre-auguste renoir.
post impessionism paul cezanne, a fresnch artist who began as an impressionist. showed obecjts as patterns of forms and flat surfaces, expreiment with vivid colors and distorted images. paul gauguin.
cubism george braque pablo picasso began a movement. looked at natural shapes and tried to paint them as geometrical forms.
Created by: lilee256
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