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American Revolution - Cameron Sippel P6

QuestionAnswer
Triangular Trade colonial trade route in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, The W. Indies, and Africa. The Navigation Acts taxed all sugar and molasses that was traded between the W. Indies and the colonies.
Great Awakening a religious revival in America prior to the Revolutionary War - with notable leaders suck as George Whitfield and John Edwards.
The French and Indian War 1754 war between the French and the British - Indians served with the French. ended in 1676 with 600 colonists and 3000 Indians killed, including the Indian leader, Metacomet
Proclamation Act of 1763 proclamation that King George III signed, banning British settlements west of the Appalachian Mts.
Samuel Adams important patriot who spoke against the British and was a major contributor to the Sons of Liberty - started "no taxation without representation" with James Otis
Boycott form of protest in which colonists refused to buy British good and items that were taxed - ex. glass, paint, paper, tea. was one of the most effective forms of protest and caused Parliament to repeal some tea laws.
Stamp Act of 1765 act started by Parliament that required colonists to pay for an official stamp when they bought paper items - paid on legal documents, licenses, newspapers, etc. was Parliament's first attempt to raise $$ by taxing the colonists directly
Repeal to take away or take back. Parliament repealed some taxation acts when the colonists boycotted - ex. Townshend Acts, Stamp Act, etc. showed that Parliament could be affected by the colonists actions.
Townshend Acts 1767 placed duties on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. writs of assistance allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled goods. colonists boycotted this act.
Boston Massacre 1770 occurred on March 5th, 1770. began with a soldier and a colonist arguing - soldier struck the man, and crowds began throwing objects at the soldier. shouts were yelled and the soldiers went into fire to defend themselves. ended with 5 colonists killed.
Boston Tea Party 1773 occurred in response to the tea act. colonists disguised as Indians sneaked onto British ships. dumped over 340 chests of tea in the harbor.
Sons of Liberty secret society of patriots created in response to British tax laws. used violence to terrorize tax collectors. showed that colonists were unhappy with the British tax laws.
Intolerable Acts 1774 started in response to the Boston Tea Party. aka the Coercive Acts - Boston Harbor was closed until Boston paid for the ruined tea, MA charter was canceled, Thomas Gage became governor of MA - could decide when legislature could meet.
First Continental Congress 1774 A gathering in the fall of 1774 of delegates from throughout the colonies. At Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, engaged in tense debates. Believed violence was unavoidable and delegates from NY and Penn had strict orders to seek peace.
Battle of Lexington-Concord 1774 At dawn the British troops arrived at Lexington, near Concord, where 70 armed minutemen awaited the British advance.
Minutemen Members of the civilian volunteer militia.
Second Continental Congress May 1775; delegates from 12 different colonies (not Georgia) met in Philadelphia for the Second Continental Congress.
Battle of Bunker Hill 1775 Battle that proved the colonists could take on the British. Tragic victory for British; suffered more than 1000 casualties (about double to American losses.)
Common Sense 47 page pamphlet published anonymously in January 1776 that urged separation from Great Britain. Argued that citizens should make laws, not kings or queens.
Thomas Jefferson Member of Second Continental Congress. American statesman; published Declaration of Independence.
Declaration of Independence Document that formally announced the colonies' break from Great Britain. Three main ideas.
Patriots Colonists who chose to fight for independence.
Loyalists Also called Tories. Were those who remained loyal to Great Britain.
People "left out" of the declaration of Independence Declaration ignored many colonists. Abigail Adams tried to influence her husband to include women but women were not mentioned, even though they were patriots as well. Did not recognized enslaved African Americans either.
Who fought in the American Revolution Soldiers were young (16), had no money, property, etc. Keeping young men was a constant chore, and men often paid their slaves to fight for them. African Americans and Native American Indians all fought too. Native Americans fought on both sides.
Advantages and Disadvantages of British and Colonial Forces + Colonists: Patriotism, help from Europe, leadership, George Washington - Colonists: outnumbered, poorly trained,lack of supplies + British: professionals, big Navy, supplies - British: distance, frustration of taxes, leadership, foreign land
Battle of Trenton 1776 On Christmas Night in 1776, George Washington came to enemy camp and sprang upon them while sleeping. Took more than 900 prisoners. Important victory to colonists.
Battle of Saratoga 1777 Major victory. Horatio Gates crushed British attempts to advance. Benedict Arnold then led bold charge forcing British to retreat. Greatest victory yet for America.
Battle of Yorktown 1781 Last major battle, led by George Washington. French troops led by Comte de Rochambeau and Marquis de Layfette. Trapped British troops and forced surrender in 1781.
Treaty of Paris 1783 British entered peace talks with America. Ben Franklin- key negotiator. US independence recognized. Set America's borders. Settlement permitted west of the original 13 colonies.
Created by: cameron.sippel
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