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HAM 8th U4:Q1:L1-3
Mr. Stickler's HAM 8th grade U4, Quiz 1 flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are "unions"? | These are groups of workers who organized themselves into groups (like clubs) to fight for better pay and working conditions. (Pg. 162) |
| What is a "strike"? | This is an action taken by individual workers or groups of workers where they refuse to work until their demands for better pay and conditions are met. (Pg. 162) |
| What was one positive thing that happened because unions were organized (besides better pay & working conditions)? | Immigrants joined them and learned how democracy was supposed to work. (Pg. 162) |
| Who/ what are "anarchists"? | These are people who believe that there should be no government. (Pg. 163) |
| What do socialists want to happen in a country? | They want the government to take over businesses "that effect most citizens, like railroads, electrical power, and telephones". (Pg. 163) |
| What two groups of people were involved in the Haymarket Square Riots in Chicago (1884)? | 1.) Striking workers from the McCormick Harvester Works; 2.) About 180 Chicago police officers. (Pgs. 165 & 166) |
| What event triggered the Haymarket Square protests in the first place? | This event was started because 3,000 striking workers from the McCormick Harvester Works gathered to protest the shooting of their fellow workers the day before. (Pg. 165) |
| What was the result of the Haymarket Square Riots? | 1.) A homemade bomb was thrown into a crowd of policemen, 6 officer died, 2.) Police fired at the crowd of strikers, killing 4 people, 3.) Police rounded up 8 strikers, charged them with murder & conspiracy, 4 were hanged, 2 got life in prison. (Pg. 166) |
| About how many workers were union members in 1900? How many in 1910? (HINT: This comes from the chart on page 166.) | 1900 = 750,000. 1910 = 2,250,000! (Pg. 166) |
| What/ who are "scabs"? | This is the name given to "replacement workers" who take over the jobs of workers who are on strike (i.e. they are temporary workers). (Pg. 164) |
| Why did some workers distrust unions in 1884? | Many of these groups were organized by socialists. (Pg. 163) |
| What is a "corporation"? | "A business owned by stockholders who hold 'shares' in it." (Pg. 332, glossary) |
| What are "sweatshops"? | These are tenements that were used as hot, airless, factories. workers were "sweated" - forced to work long hours in cramped, dirty rooms with no provisions for safety, rest, comfort, or refreshment." (Pg. 168) |
| What is Samuel Gompers known for? | He is known as the founder of the American Federation of Labor (the "A.F. of L.") in 1886. This group was made up of the Cigarmakers Union and other craft unions. He was A.F. of L. president for 38 years. (Pg. 169) |
| How did Samuel Gompers use strikes? | He used them to get 8 - hour work days, 5 - day work weeks, safety reforms for mine workers, and "the right of workers to band together to negotiate (called 'collective bargaining')." (Pg. 169) |
| What is the "Talmud"? | This is the name of a collection of ancient writings on Jewish laws and traditions." (Pg. 168) |
| Why is the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire important? | It represents the dangerous working conditions many American workers dealt with before unions stepped in to help. In this case, company managers locked doors, trapping the female employees inside. 146 died during a fire at the company. (Pg. 170) |
| Who were "lectors"? | These were people hired by Cuban cigar workers to read to them in Spanish while they rolled cigars. Workers paid them so they could stay current on events in Cuba and be educated while they worked. (Pg. 171) |
| Who/ what are "muckrakers"? | These are people - usually writers - who wrote about unregulated business. Theodore Roosevelt came up with the name because they "raked up muck & told people about it." (Pg. 175) |
| Who was "Mother" Jones? | She was an advocate for child labor laws in the 1870's. (Pg. 172 & 173) |
| What caused "Mother" Jones to begin to advocate for child labor laws? | Her dressmaking business was burned to the ground during the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and she lost everything. That caused her to want to "do something important with her life." (Pg. 172) |
| Was "Mother" Jones successful? | Yes! She brought attention to the issue of child mistreatment in factories & other workplaces. This led to the creation of child labor laws (ex. better pay & working conditions plus mandatory schooling for kids). (Pg. 175) |
| What was the "Bread and Roses" strike? | This was a strike of Polish women in Lawrence, Massachusetts in 1912. They were angry because textile mill owners sped up machinery so production would be the same at 54 hours as it was with 56 hours of work. (Pg. 176) |
| Who were the "wobblies"? | This was the name given to the Industrial Workers of the World union. Their goal was to create "one big union", have one big strike that would stop everything. Workers would take over & make the world a better place. (Pg. 176) |
| Who was Annie LoPizza? | She was a textile worker who went on strike during the "Bread and Roses" strike. She was shot and killed by a police officer. Two IWW leaders were put in jail for the murder, but they were nowhere near strikers. (Pg. 176) |
| What caused Congress and President William Howard Taft to get involved in the "Bread and Roses" strike? | Police appeared at the Lawrence railroad station on the 43rd day of the strike. they, " . . .choked, knocked down women and children . . ." After this, Congress investigated Lawrence working conditions. (Pg. 177) |
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