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B.Williams Unit-3
Exploration & Colonization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gold, glory, and God | The primary reasons that the European explorers came to the "New World" of the Americas: to get rich, to gain glory back home, and to become missionaries to the Native Americans. |
| Spain | One of the most powerful of the European nations that set up colonies in the Americas. It was the first European nation to set foot in modern day Georgia. |
| Hernando de Soto | A Spanish conqueror/explorer that landed in North America in 1539. He entered Georgia in 1540, and then journeyed northward. Their interactions with Native Americans marked the first time these native peoples had ever seen white men or horses. |
| Diseases | Sicknesses that the Europeans brought with them to North America, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza which the Native Americans had never been exposed to before. Large numbers of Native Americans died from their exposure to these illnesses. |
| Colony | A settlement that, although in a new land, is still considered part of the country that established it. |
| Guale | The name given to the Spanish settlement on St. Catherines Island, off of the coast of Georgia, in honor 0:local Native American chief with whom Pedro Menendez became friends. |
| Mission | Settlements established by the Spanish to convert Native Americans to Christianity through the Catholic church. |
| Juanillio Revolt | A violent conflict in 1597 led by a Native American named Juanillo, who was angered when a Spanish priest appointed another man to be the local chief. Juanillio and his followers attacked and killed a number of Spanish friars (or priests) in Guale. |
| France and Great Britain | European powers that came to North America after Spain, and rivaled the Spanish for territory. They eventually forced the Spanish to retreat south to Florida. |
| James Oglethorpe | He came up with a plan that he thought would benefit both Great Britain and the imprisoned debtors. This plan led to the Charter of 1732, and the founding of Georgia. |
| Debtors | People who owe others money. Many of the prisoners in the British jails in the 1700s were in jail because they were debtors. |
| Reasons for founding Georgia | 1)helping Great Britain economically 2) Oglethorpe believed the colony would provide protection against the Spanish 3) Oglethorpe wanted the new colony to serve a charitable purpose. In addition, they wanted to found Georgia for religious reasons. |
| Charter of 1732 | Awarded by King George Il to Oglethorpe and his associates, it officially sanctioned the founding of Georgia (named in honor of the king) and established the conditions under which the colony would be established. |
| Trustees | People who have a responsibility on behalf of others. Under the Charter of 1732, Georgia would this group for 21 years. |
| Mary Musgrove | Acted as an interpreter and mediator between Oglethorpe and the Native American chief Tomochichi when Oglethorpe arrived in Georgia. |
| Tomochichi | |
| Savannah | Founded on the site of Yamacraw Bluff, Oglethorpe renamed it. It was the first British settlement in Georgia. |
| Jewish immigrants | A second group of settlers who arrived in Georgia in July 1 733 consisted of 42 immigrants. These immigrants were distinguished by their religion; they believed in the Old Testament of the Bible but not the New Testament. |
| Salzburgers | German/Austrian Lutherans who came to Georgia in 1734 to escape Catholic persecution in their home country. Although they only spoke German, their strong work ethic made them some of the most productive citizens in the early colony. |
| Highland Scots | People who settled in Georgia in the mid 1730s. They were skilled and fearless fighters who saw it as their role to help protect the colony from the French to the west and the Spanish to the south. |
| Rules of 1735 | Regulations Oglethorpe established after a trip to England. Under these rules, rum and other strong drinks could not be bought or sold in the colony, trade with Native Americans was more strictly regulated, and slavery was forbidden in the colony. |
| Slavery | system in which people are "owned" like property |
| Malcontents | people who were upset with the trustees regulations- they wanted slavery and more land |
| Land ownership | The trustees placed limits on how much of this people could own and said that it could only be left to male heirs. Malcontents wanted access to more of it and more freedom regarding its sale and who it could be left to. |
| War of Jenkin's Ear | Fought between colonists and Native Americans under the command of Oglethorpe and the Spanish in Florida. Oglethorpe eventually fooled the Spanish into retreating to Florida and Spain never again posed a serious threat to Georgia. |
| Plantation system | Large farms that raised cash crops and relied heavily on slave labor. Over time, this system became the foundation of the Georgia and the South's economy. |
| Royal colony | a colony under the direct rule of the king |
| John Reynolds | The first royal governor of Georgia. He established a representative government in Georgia before eventually being replaced because he was unpopular. |
| Governor | the king's direct representative who acted as the leader of Georgia's government once it became a royal colony |
| Bicameral assembly | a legislative body with two houses. |
| Court system | Responsible for settling legal disputes in the colony. It consisted of several levels and allowed for appeals. |
| Henry Ellis | Georgia's second royal governor-he was much more tactful and more popular than Reynolds. He failed when be tried to do away with slavery but he did establish good relations with the Creeks. He also gained popularity when he stood up to South Carolina. |
| James Wright | |
| Creeks and Cherokees | two major Native American tribes living in Georgia during the colonial period |
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