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Anasazi/MW2
Ancient Indians-American Southwest Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pueblo culture | (Spanish for village) Indian village in the American Souuthwest |
| Mesa Verde | (Spanish for "green plateau") 1.National park in southwestern Colorado,site of many Anasazi cliff dwelings. 2.The Anasazi region around Mesa Verde.San Juan River region |
| Anasazi(2) | Navajo(more correctly,Dine or Dineh) word which,depending on pronunciation,means either "enemy ancestors" or "ancient people who are not us." |
| Chaco Canyon | Extensive Ancient Puebloan culture(circa 800 AD)in NW New Mexico;Known for massive stone buildings(Great Houses)of multiple stories containing hundreds of rooms,extensive roads and water control systems. |
| Aztech Ruins | Anasazi village in New Mexico with largest reconstructed ceremonial kiva. |
| Kokopelli | A well known mythological hump-backed flute player in most Southwestern Pueblo cultures.Among other things,this spiritual figure represents fertility and rain. |
| Hopi | Believed to be descended from the ancient Puebloan cultures who consructed large apartment-house complexes in NE Arizona and NW New Mexico along the Mogollon Rim,from 1100-1300 AD,when they abandoned their large villages |
| Zuni | Like the Hopi,descendents of the Anasazi |
| Navajo | aka "Dene" people were hunter-gatherers until they adopted Pueblo life.Known for raising sheep,blanket weaving,and pottery.The Navajo Reservation in AZ is the largest in the USA. |
| Taos | an ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos(Northern Tiwa) speaking Native American tribe of Pueblo people.Still inhabited,it is approximately 1000 years old and lies about 1 mile(1.6 km)north of the modern city of Taos,New Mexico. |
| Acoma | Known as "sky city",is a Nataive American pueblo built on top of a 367-foot sandstone mesa in New Mexico.(1100 AD) It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities within the USA.Known for distinctive white,orange and black pottery. |
| flint | a hard,sedimentary crystalline form of the mineral quartz;can be flaked with a darder stone to make arrowheads,spearpoints,etc. |
| drought | an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply.Generally,this occurs when a region recieves consistently below average precipitation. |
| Conquistadors | Spanish soldiers who conquered Mexico and the American Southwest and established a network of settlements(16th-18th century AD).Forced Indians to convert to Christianity |
| maize | early form of corn |
| turquoise | an opaque,blue-to-green mineral prized by the Navajo and other Pueblo peoples for making silver jewelry |
| sandpainting | The art of pouring colored sands,powdered pigments from minerals or crystals,and pigments from other natural sources onto a surface to make a fixed or unfixed sand painting.Often temporary,ritual paintings prepared for religous or healing cermonies |
| mano | Grinding stone.A hand-held stone used to grind grain,nuts and seeds on the larger metate |
| metate | a flat or slightly concave stone base on which grain,nuts and seeds were ground using the smaller mano |
| wickiup | a temporary domed room dwelling,usually constucted of branches and reeds used by certain Southwest Native American tribes to provide shade and ventilation |
| hogan | the primary traditional round home of the Navajo people;made of woden poles covered with layer of mud. Door faces east to greet the sun. |
| cliff dwellers | Native Americans of the Anasazi culture who were builders of the ancient cliff dwellings found in the canyons,under cliff overhangs and on the mesas of the U.S. Southwest |
| Colorado Plateau | Roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern US.90% of the area is drained by the Colorado River.Largely made up of deserts,with scattered areas of forests.The Grand Canyon is in SW corner. |
| plateau | an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs.It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape |
| nomadic | constantly moving;never settling in one place;following food supplies and moving with the seasons |
| sedentary | stationary;settled in one place;opposite of nomadic |
| horticulture | cultivating plants and seeds for food |
| Pueblo diet | Pueblo diet corn,beans,pinon nuts,fish,deer,rabbit,antelope,birds and turkey |
| Santa Clara | The pueblo is on the Rio Grande,between Ohkay Owingeh(formerly San Juan Pueblo)to the north and San IIdefonso Pueblo to the south.Santa Clara Pueblo is famous for producing hand-crafted pottery,specifically blackware and redware with deep engravings |
| kiva(Great Kiva) | 1.a square,above-ground room used by modern day Hopi for religous and spiritual ceremonies.2.A subterranean room,usually round,generally believed to have been used by Anasazi men for religous and spiritual purposes |
| kachinas | 1.Benevolent spiritual intermediaries between certain Southwestern peoples and the gods.Kachinas bring good health,fertility,rain,abundance and other blessings. 2.Dolls or images of the supernatural beings |
| pictographs | Pictures or picture-like symbols that represent an idea or tell a story.Pictographs can be found in the works of many ancient cultures on papyrus or wood,on cloth,on pottery and jewelry,painted on walls. |
| Anazazi(1) | Culture that existed from about 1200 BC to 1300 AD in the 4 corners area SW U.S.Best known for the ruins of their monumental cliff dwellings at places like Mesa Verde,which they abandoned at the end of the 13th century |
| pottery | Pueblo culture is known for the many styles of pottery from across the Plateau region.Each pueblo has its own distinctive style |
| yucca plant | Member of the agave family with stiff green sword-like leaves and white flowers on a tall stalk.Pueblo peoples used the roots and flowers for food,tips for needles,fibers for weaving baskets,sandals and rope,sap(aloe vera)for medicine |
| weaving | Pueblo people wove decorative baskets and sandals from the fibers of the yucca plant.They wove colorful,intricate blankets from sheeps wool.Dyed with natural plant and rock materials. |
| Moki or Moqui | A Hopi word meaning "the dead" which is often used to identify their ancestors.Preferred by the Hopi to the Dine Navajo word Anasazi. |
| petroglyphs | Rock carving or rock art made by pecking the surface with another rock. Ex:Newspaper Rock in Hollbrook,AZ |
| pinon | Small pine tree with large edible nuts. |
| pithouse | a house built substantially underground.Used by many early cultures,including the Anasazi.Consisted of a pit,often lined with rocks,and a roof of branches,mud,etc.,held up by vertical timbers,usually four. |
| potsherd | Fragment or piece of broken pottery.Also "shard". |
| Pueblo Bonito | Spanish for "pretty village";the most famous Great House at Chaco Canyon |
| Puebloan | 1.Modern Native American Indian peoples,including those living at Hopi,Zuni,Acoma,Laguna,Jemez and Zia pueblos and the 14 Rio Grande pueblos. 2.Anasazi ancestors of the modern Puebloans |
| sipapu | 1.The naval of the earth from which distant Puebloan ancestors are said to have emerged as they entered the present world. 2.The small hole or identation in the floor of a kiva which symbolizes the people's earthly origin |
| spindle whorl | In hand spinning,the spindle is a rounded wooden rod for twisting cotton fibers into thread.The whorl is a sort of flywheel that regulates the speed of the spinning wheel. |
| stone morder and pessle | hallowed stone bowl and mashing tool used to grind maize,nuts,berries,pigments |
| Colorado River | 1,450 miles long river that flows southwest from the Continental Divide to the Gulf of California.Its powerful waters formed the Grand Canyon over 9 million years |
| Rio Grande River | 1,896 miles long and flows from southwestern Colorado in the US to the Gulf of Mexico.Forms the US southern border with Mexico |
| marauders | Nomadic tribes who raided and plundered agricultural pueblos |
| Apache | One of the nomadic,hunter-gatherer,maruading tribes of the southwest plateau region.Speak Athabaskan |
| granary | storage room for grain made of adobe mud bricks,stone and/or wood frames.Usually in high cliff locations to protect from animals and raiding tribes |
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