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Dat bio
Vascular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _______ have open circ system which means | Arthropods; blood is in direct contact with with body tissue |
| annelids have ________ circ system and lack _____ cells | closed; red blood cells |
| blood is separated into | plasma and formed elements: rbc wbc and platelets |
| ____ is plasma except for the absence of the clotting protein fibrinogen | Serum |
| _______ forms the framework of a blood clot | fibrin |
| _______ the production of blood | hemopoeisis |
| significance for RBC lacking mitochondria | - performs anaerobic ferm to prod atp -therefore wont consume the oxygen |
| oxygen binds to _______ grp while CO2 bind to the | heme grp; globin moeity |
| _____ erythrocyte production | erythropoeisis |
| ________ stimulates the synthesis of hemoglobibn | erythropoeitin |
| _______ the stage when the nucleus is expelled | Reticulocyte |
| at this stage _______ leave bone marrow and enter circ blood | reticulocyte |
| ______ graveyard for rbc | the spleen |
| hemolysis | rupture of rbc to release Hb and plasma membrane |
| describe hb disposal | macrophages separate heme from globin - heme is further broken down - globin hydolyzed to amino acid 4 protein synthesis |
| the fate of heme | - Fe is removed and taken up by the blood - the rest of heme is converted to biliverdin by macrophage |
| _____ anemia caused from bleeding | hemorrhagic |
| ______ anemia caused from RBC destruction | hemolytic |
| _______ anemia caused by a deficiency of vit B12 | Pernicious |
| _______ on cell surfaces that distinguish self from foreign matters | antigen |
| ________ mark antigens for destruction | antibodies |
| ABO blood type determined by | the presence or absence of antigen A or B |
| universal recipient | AB lacks antibodies A and anti B has both antigens |
| universal donor | O lacks antigens, but has antibodies for A and B |
| most abundant wbc | neutrophil |
| agranulocytes | lymphocytes and Monocytes cuz they lack cytoplasmic granules |
| rarest wbc | basophils |
| largest wbc | monocytes |
| 2nd most abundant wbc | lymphocyte |
| immediate protection against blood loss | vascular spasm- constriction of blood vessels |
| 2nd response against blood loss | platelet plug- |
| last defense against bleeding | coagulation/ blood clotting |
| _____ release clotting factor thromboplastin | platelets and damaged tissue |
| thromboplastin with the aid of _______ and ______ convert prothrombin to ________ | Calcium; vitr K; thrombin |
| thrombin converts ________ to fibrin | fibrinogen |
| _______ forms the clot | fibrin |
| pulmonary circuit | right side; carries deoxygenated blood to lungs |
| systemic circuit | left side; carries oxygenated blood to body |
| oxygen poor blood pumps into pulmonary trunk that divides into _____ and ______ | right and left pulmonary arteries |
| oxygenated blood is pumped into the ______ | aorta |
| the heart wall has 3 layers | epicardium -surface, has adipose myocardium- middle cardiac muscle, endocardium- covers valves |
| purpose of valves | to allow one way flow |
| right atriventricular valve aka | tricuspid |
| left atrioventricular valve aka | bicuspid/ mitral |
| pulmonary and aortic valves aka | semilunar valves, both have 3 cusps |
| ______ controls the opening and closing of valves | pressure gradients of blood flow |
| blood flow schematic | -blood enters Right atrium from sup +inf vena cava - flows into ventricle via tricuspid -ventricle to pulmo trunk vi pulm sem valve -pulm vein to left atrium left atri to ventric via mitral val -ventricle to aorta to body |
| wats the avg heart rate in a resting adult | 75b/min |
| Sino atrial node is located | right atrium |
| _____ is the pacemaker, initiates each heart beat and the heart rate | Sinoatrial node |
| _______ node is located near the AV valve | atriventricular valve |
| role of AV node | electrical gateway to ventricles |
| ________ distribute the electrical excitation to ventricles | Purkinje fibers |
| bundle of his aka | atrioventricular bundle |
| how does SA node spontaneously fire | doesnt have a stable membrane potential and during deplarization it doesnt compensate for the outflow of K |
| SAN stimulates ________ to contract simultaneously | the 2 atria |
| the slow signal from AV node allows | the ventricles to fill before contraction |
| the fast conduction from AV bundle to purkinje fibers allows | ventricles to contract in unison |
| significance of the hearts long absolute refractory period | prevents tetanus that would stop pumping action of heart |
| P wave | signal from SAN to depolarize the atria |
| PQ | atrial systole begins |
| QRS | signal of AV node spreads thru ventricles - atrial repolarization/ diastole |
| ventricular systole on EKG | after QRS during ST |
| T wave | ventricular repolarization before diastole |
| QR | ventricular depolarization begins at apex |
| lub sound | closure of AV valves - ventricular systole (ST) |
| dub sound | closure of semilunar valves - right before ventricular diastole T wave |
| arteries carry ___ blood _____ heart except ___ that transport ______ | oxygenated; away; pulmonary; deoxygenated |
| veins carry ____ blood ____ heart excepy _____ that transport ______ | deoxygenated; to ; pulmonary; oxygenated |
| arteries have ____ walls to resist high blood Pa | thick/ muscular |
| blood flow in veins depend on | compression of skeletal muscles |
| veins have _____ and ____ because it has low Pa and | thin walls and valves |
| capillaries comprise ______ | a single endothelium cell |
| capillary circ route | heart>arteries>arterioles> capillaries>venules> vein> heart |
| _______ secretes prothrombin | liver |
| ______ and _______ secrete erythropoietin | liver and kidney |
Created by:
smuttz
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