Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
kaplanorgchem
DAT Kaplan OChem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alkanes are the simplest organic molecules consisting of only ___ and ___ atoms held together by single bonds | carbon and hydrogen |
| in IUPAC, common should be placed between __ | numbers |
| in IUPAC, dashes should be placed between | words |
| alkanes can form rings. they are names to the number of carbon atoms in the rings with the prefix ____ | cyclo |
| alkenes uses the prefix ___- | -ene |
| in alkenes, to identify the carbon backbone, the longest chain that contains the ____ bond. count from the lowest number to reach the double bond. | double |
| alkenes vs alkanes. the difference between them is that alkenes contains a ____ bond | double |
| vinyl derivatives are ____ ethylenes (ethenyl) | monosubsituted |
| allyl derivatives are ____ substituted at the C3 position | propylenes |
| Methylene refers to the ___ group | CH2 |
| cycloalkenes are named like cycloalkanes but the suffix ____ rather than ____ | ene, anes |
| if there is only ___ double bond and no other substituents a number is not necessary. | 1 |
| alkynes are compounds that posses carbon carbon ___ bonds | 3x |
| common name for ethyne is | acetylene |
| halogen substituent are name so that the appendages are numbered and alphabetizes as ___ groups | alkyl |
| haloalkane can be named | alkyl halide |
| molecules with two hydroxyl groups are called | diols |
| esthers are named with the prefix | alkoxy |
| esthers contain ___ | oxygen |
| three membered rings in ethers are known as | oxiranes/epoxides |
| aldehydes are named accoridng to the longest chain containing aldehyde functional groups with the prefix | al |
| ketones ends with prefix | -one |
| carbocylic acids end with | oic and acid |
| amines end in prefix | amine |
| carboxylic acid | C=OOH |
| Ester | C=OOC |
| Acylc Halid | C=OX |
| Nitrile/Cyandile | C-Triple bond-N |
| Aldehyde | C=O-H |
| Ketone | C=O-C |
| cis means on the ___ side | same |
| trans means on the ___ side | opposite |
| the alkene called Z is when the two ___ priority substituents on each carbon lie on the same side of the double bond. | high |
| higher the atomic number, the higher the ____ | prority |
| If the two highest alkenes priority of then it will be known as ___. they lie on the opposite side of the double bond. | E |
| when an object is not superimposable upon its mirror image it is known as a ___ | chiral center, like ur right and left hand putting in a glove. they are the same thing but different. |
| Achiral means when objects are mirror images that can be ___. | superimposed. means they are identical. like AA |
| chiral objects that are nonsuperimposable mirror images are known as | enantiomers |
| if the asymmetric atom is clockwise it is known as | R |
| if the asymmetric atom is counterclick it is known as | S |
| horizonta lines come ___ of the page | out |
| enantiomers has identical chemical and physical properties with one exception of ___ | optimal activity |
| if plane polarized light is passed through an optically active compound, the orientation of the plane is rotated by an angle __- | alpha |
| a compound that rotates the pane of the polarized light to the right or clockwise is _____ and indicated (+) | dextrorotatory |
| a compound that rotates to plane of the polarized light to the left or counterclockwise is ____ and indicated by (-) | levoratory |
| Specific rotation [alpha] = EQUATION | observered roration (alpha)/concentration (g/ml) x length (dm) |
| racemix mixture is a mixture of equal concentrations of both ___ and ___ enantimoers | + and - |
| Diastereomers are for any molecules with __ chiral centers | n |
| Mirror images of each other are called | enantiomers |
| stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other are caleld | diastereomers |
| Meso compounds are if a plane of symmetry exists which makes the molecule ___ optically active | not |
| L-tartaric and D-tartaric acids ____ optically active | are |
| L-tartaric acid is when the ___ is on top of the the __- | H; OH |
| D-Tartaric acid is when the ___ is on top of the ___ | OH; H |
| Conformational isomers are compounds that___ only by rotation about one or more single bonds | differ |
| The most stable conformation is when the two methyl groups (C1 and C4) are oriented ___ degrees from each other | 180 |
| 180 degrees confirmation with no overlap of atoms is known as the ___ confirmation | staggered; anti-conformation |
| gauche is when the two methyl groups are ___ degrees a part | 60 |
| eclipse confirmation in which two methyl groups are ___ apart and overlap with the H atoms | 120 |
| When the two methyl groups are overlapping each other its called a ___ | total eclipse and its in its higher energy state |
| strain energies: angle strain results when bond angles deviate from their ___ values | ideal |
| strain energies: ____ strain results when cyclic molecules must assume conformation that have eclipsed interactions | torsional strain |
| nonbonded strains result when atoms or groups compete for the ___ space | same |
| equatorial position is favored over the ___ position | axial because of the steric repulsion |
| Boat cyclohexane, chair cyclohexane and twist boat confirmation. rank the most stable to least. | chair, boat, twist |
| structural isomers are compounds that share the same ____ | molecular formula |
| chiral means that at least one of its carbon must be ___ to four substituents | attached |
| achrial means when the carbon are attached to | two or more identical groups |
| the relative confirmation of a chiral molecule is its confirmation in relation to ___ chiral molecule | another |
| the absolute configuration of a chiral molecule describes the ___ arrangement of these atoms or groups | spatial |
| if a lower energy bonding orbital is produced, then the signs of the wave functions are the ___ | same |
| if a higher energy orbital is produced, the signs are __ | different |
| shorter single bonds are ____ than longer single bonds | stronger |
| single bond order is a ____ bond | sigma |
| single bond order has an angle of ___ and hybridization of ___ | 180; sp |
| Double bond order has a ____ and ___ bond | 1 sigma and 1 pi |
| double bond order has a hybridization of ___ | sp2 |
| double bond order has an angle of __ | 120 |
| triple bond order has an angle of __- | 109.5 |
| triple bond order has ___ and ___ bond | 2 pi and 1 sigma |
| triple bond order has a hybridization of __- | sp3 |
| in alkanes, as the molecular weight increases and chain length increases then | increase in MP BP and Density |
| in alkanes, increase in branching causes a | decrease in MP BP and Density |
| initations have two dats on t he | right |
| propagation has dots | equal on the right and left |
| termination has two dots on the | left |
| prolysis occurs when a molecule is broken down by | heat |
| if the nucleophiles have the same attacking atom then the nucleophilicity is roughly correlated to ___ | basicity. stronger the base, stronger the nucleophile. |
| best leaving groups in halogens start from the | bottom (strongest) to the top (weakest) |
| best nucleophilic strengths are from the | top to the bottom |
| for SN1 reactions, structural factors: highly substituted alkkyl halids allow for distribution of the positive charge over a greater number of carbon atoms, TF | True |
| IN SN1 rxn, solvent effects are where ___ polar solvents are better at surrounding and isolating ions that are less polar solvents. polar protic solvents such as water work best since solvation stabilizes intermediate state | Higher |
| Nature of leaving group: ___ bases dissociate more easily from alkyl chain and thus make better leaving groups, increasing rate of carbocation formation | base |
| SN1: the rate is ___ dependent on the concentration or the nature of the nucleophile | not |
Created by:
Andrewvo
Popular DAT sets