Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
orgo 2
chads orgo 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ranking reactivity | amide(very unreactive) < Ester< Anhydride < Acid Chloride/ Bromide (Bromide is more reactive than Cl though) |
| fisher esterification | alcohol + carboxylic acid= ESTER |
| conjugate base of benzoic acid= | soluble in H2O |
| Extraction | seperates water from acid/base |
| In a solution with ether, ester, benzoic acid, and water---> if we add NAOH (strong base) what will seperate in which order? | Ether on top, then ester, then the bottom aqueous layer would have benzoic acid mixed with H2O |
| If you do an EXTRACTION w/ base (NAOH)...then what do u pull out? | carboxylic acid (aqueous soluble extraction) |
| if you do EXTRACTION w/ acid(HCL)...then what do you pull out? | Amine (aqueous soluble extraction) |
| Ionic compounds are salts and they are.... | H2O soluble |
| R-NH3+= | ionic salt soluble |
| rules of Aqueous Extractions:: If it is an acid= | add a base to extract |
| rules of Aqueous Extractions:: if it is a base= | add an acid to extract |
| Crystallization | take solute impurities and dissolve in hot solvent; then cool and put on ice; the impurities will be on the top and the crystals (solute of interest) will be on the bottom |
| Chromatography- 2 kinds | TLC= Thin Layer Chromatography;;; Gas Chromatography (GC) |
| TLC | Uses a TLC plate that is made of silica ( polar gel). |
| TLC uses what equation for distance traveled? | Rf= distance spot traveled/ distance to solvent front |
| The least polar in TLC travels the _____? | furthest; held on silica plate least |
| The most polar in TLC travels the _____? | least; held on to silica plate longer b/c the plate is polar and IT is polar. |
| Low Rf value in TLC= | most polar (traveled the least) |
| Highest possible Rf value in TLC= | 1 |
| Lowest possible Rf value in TLC= | 0 |
| WHEN you use a VERY polar solvent in TLC... | everything travels furthest |
| TLC seperates? | polar from non polar solvents. CHeck impurities for pure substances |
| Gas Chromatogrphy (GC) is used to exploit | B.P. |
| In GC, things with low BP= | spend alot more time in gas phase and blow through tube faster |
| In GC, things with HIGH BP= | spend time condensed in wall and take alot more to blow through tube |
| In GC, shorter retention time and get eluded first? | lower BP |
| In GC, longer rentention time and get eluded last? | higher BP |
| SImple distillation exploits? | BP |
| Simple Distillation uses a ? | Hickman head |
| Simple Distillation seperates _____ and ____ when heated | Ether ( which is collected in Hickman head) and water |
| Ether has a _____ BP and _____ VP compared to H2O | low, high VP |
| In what order does something distill? | things with lower BP and intermolecular forces distill first |
| What are the 2 types of distillation? | 1. simple 2. fractional |
| What type of distillation is good for things with big differences in BP? | Simple |
| what type of distillation is good for things with similiar BP? | Fractional (get a purer sample than simple) |
| What happens in fractional distillation? | you have a tube with beads and it goes through many cycles of vaporization and condensation. |
| IR causes light to? | stretch or bend bonds; show functional groups |
| IR of alcohol (OH-) | 3400 |
| IR of C=O (carbonyl) | 1700 |
| IR of Carboxylic acid ( OH-) | 1700 & 3500- 2500 (alot of peaks) |
| IR of Aldehyde | 1700 & 2800 - 2700 (2 peaks big) |
| IR of Ketone | 1700 & 1710 |
| IR of Ester | 1700 & 1000-1300 & 1735 |
| IR of Primary Amine ( R-NH2) | 2 peaks @ 3400 |
| IR of Secondary Amine (R1-NH-R2) | 1 peak @ 3400 |
| IR of Tertiary Amine ( R1, R2, R3- N) | NO PEAKS for N-H |
| IR of C[triple bond]C | 2100-2300 |
| IR of C[triple bond]N | 2100-2300 |
| NMR that does chemical shift, integration, & splitting | 1H NMR |
| NMR that does ONLY chemical shift | 13C NMR |
| In NMR----> # of peaks= ? | N+1 |
| In NMR ----> # of neighbors= | N |
| D2O replaces | OH and NH with OD |
| parasubstitution= | 2 doublets representing 2 H each |
| Cysteine Residue | In a 3 (more likely) or 4 structure. Terminates in a S-H |
| Disulfide bridge formed by Oxidation, has london Dispersion forced that aid in folding | Cysteine Residue |
| living creatures only incorporate ____ Amino Acid | L and NOT D |
| Amino Acids are polar, but their side chains(R) can change them into.... | polar side chain= polar AA; nonpolar side chain= non polar AA |
| Amide= | NOT basic |
| RNH2= | Basic |
| RCH2COOH= | Acidic |
| Basic AA= | lysine & Arginine |
| Acidic AA= | Aspartic Acid |
| R-NH3+ | R group attached to AA. It is a Basic residue b/c it looks like a conjugate acid, but it is not b/c it has already acted as a base |
| R-CH2COO- | R group attached to AA. It is a Acidic residue b/c it looks like a conjugate base, but it is not b/c it has already acted as an acid |
| Acidic residues | Glutamic Acid and Aspartic Acid |
| all human and animal AA are derived from | L glyceraldehyde |
| all animal carbs are formed from | D glyceraldehyde |
| Bacteria cell was have ____ configuration | D |
| what happens if u stop eating carbs? | glycogen is broken down in the liver and H2O is removed |
| Monosubstituted= | 5 H --- 3H+2H |
| Carbs are Monosacharides=GGF | GLUCOSE; FRUCTOSE; GALACTOSE |
| OLIGOSACHARIDES (more than 1 sacharide)= DSL | DISSACHARIDES; SUCROSE; LACTOSE |
| suffix for simple sugars= | -ose |
| Sucrose= SUCR= GF | GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE |
| Lactose= LAC GG (gucci) | Glucose + Galactose |
| Polysacharides | 1. Starches 2. Chitiin 3. Cellulose 4. Glycogen (stored in liver) |
| Aldehyde in glucose= | Aldose + sugar |
| Organisms incorporate _____ sugars | D sugars , not L |
| Ketone in glucose | Ketose + sugar |
| Ketohexose= | 6 C in chain , -ose means sugar so it has alot of -OH's attached |
| Aldopentose= | 5 C in chain |
| Anomneric Carbon ( found in Hemiacetal/ketal) | bonded to 2 O, is chiral in the CYCLIC form, but not in the linear form |
| The non hydrogen group connected to the Anomeric carbon, POINTS DOWN | Alpha (think ALPHA...looks like a fish...so it swims DOWN in the ocean) |
| The non hydrogen group connected to the Anomeric carbon, POINTS UP | Beta |
| When writing Hemiacetal/ ketals from linear form....if the OH is on the right side, then it points | down (think SIT RIGHT DOWN) |
| When writing Hemiacetal/ ketals from linear form....if the OH is on the left side, then it points | Up |
| Hemi-acetal | formed from an aldehyde sugar |
| hemi- ketal | formed from a ketone sugar |
| In all Hemi's the alpha C (carbon next to the Carbonyl group) is bonded to | OH OR |
| Acetal/Ketal--- | the Hemi is lost when an alcohol comes in under acidic conditions and takes off the alpha OH, leaving Methoxy group instead. |
| Alcohols + Alcohols do not react during ACIDIC CONDITIONS, UNLESS.... | one alcohol is attached to a Hemiacetal/ketal |
| In open chain sugars, Ketose & Aldose are REDUCING SUGARS By? | Ag+ (Ag+ gets reduced) |
| Ag+ | oxidizing agent---> oxidizes Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids |
| Hemiacetal & Hemiketal are | REDUCING SUGARS |
| Acetal & Ketal & cyclic anything that is not a hemiacetal/ketal) are | NON reducing sugars |
| reducing sugars react with ? | Ag+ |
| Oxygen included in a 5 member ring= | Pyranose |
| Saponification = | hydrolysis rxn |
| Cholesterol is a precursor to (3 things) | 1. Steroids, 2. Estrogen 3. Testosterone |
| What biomolecule decreases membrane fluidity? | Cholesterol (lower Tm <melting temp> ) |
| Are cholesterol polar or non polar | non polar |
| How is DNA different from RNA? | DNA lacks a -OH group bonded to the 2C |
| ATP+H2O= | ADP ...Endothermic rxn b/c it consumes energy when the bonds are broken |
| Pyrophosphate | when 2 of the phosphate groups of ATP are broken off |
| PPi + H2O = | 2Pi |
| glucose +ADP + Pi= | Exothermic rxn b/c bonds are being made so energy is being released |
| Nucleophilic Addition | 1. Aldehydes and 2. Ketones (KANA) |
| Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution | 1. Esters and 2. Amides ( NASA- E) |
| Electrophilic Addition | 1. Alkenes and 2. Alkynes ( EAAA) |
| Electrophilic Substitution | 1. Aromatic (ESA) |
| LiALH4 is a _____ agent | reducing |
| LiALH4 converts aldehydes into | primary alcohols |
| LiALH4 converts carboxylic acids into | primary alcohols |
| LiALH4 converts ketones into | secondary alcohols |
| C=N | Imine |
| NH4+ | soluble |
| 4 groups of biomolecules | 1. proteins 2. Carbs 3. Nucleic Acids 4. Lipids |
Created by:
zrsoori
Popular DAT sets