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DAT O Chem
DAT Organic Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| As a pure liquid, what makes hydrogen bonds? | F-H, O-H, N-H |
| What could hydrogen bond with something protic like H2O? | F, O, N |
| What is the stability of carbocations? | 3˚>2˚>1˚>Methyl |
| What do electron withdrawing groups do to nucleophiles? | Stabilizes them |
| What do electron withdrawing groups do to electrophiles? | Makes them stronger |
| How can you tell if something is oxidized or reduced? | More Oxygen = Oxidized, More Hydrogen = Reduced |
| How do you measure units of unsaturation? | CnH2n+2 1˚ for every π bond, or electron pair. (When N is present, add 1 H to total) |
| How do you rank bases? | CARDIO Charge, Atom (size, bigger=more stable) Resonance, Dipole Induction, Orbital |
| Are chiral compounds optically active? | No, chiral compounds are not optically active. |
| What is a racemic mixture? | 1/2: 1/2 enantiomer ratio, so it does not rotate light at all. |
| How can you tell if it is an enantiomer or not? | Enantiomers = exact opposites of chiral centers. |
| What is an epimer? | A diastereomer with 1 chiral center that is different. |
| What is a diastereomer? | Some chiral centers match, some do not. |
| Which type of reaction causes inversion of chiral centers? | SN2 |
| What are the respective orders of SN1 and SN2 reactions? | SN1 = 1st order rate law SN2 = 2nd order rate law |
| Which reaction produces a racemization of enantiomers? | SN1 |
| What type of electrophiles do SN2 reactions prefer? | CH3 > 1˚ > 2˚ |
| What type of electrophiles do SN1 reactions prefer? | 3˚ > 2˚ |
| Which reaction prefers a protic solvent? | SN1 |
| What type of reaction will a strong base go with? | E2 |
| What is the order of electrophiles that E1 reactions prefer? | 3˚ > 2˚ |
| What is the order of electrophiles that E2 reactions prefer? | 3˚> 2˚>1˚ |
| What is the product of a bulky base + tert butoxide? | The "Hoffman" product - Terminal Alekene |
| Are halogens (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I) activating or deactivating? | Deactivating - but they direct in an Ortho/Para manner. |
| Are π donors (-NH2, -OH, -OR, and -NHCOCH3) activating or deactivating and how do they direct? | Activating - ORTHO/ PARA |
| How do these functional groups direct? -SO3H, -CN, -NO2, -NR3 | META directors because they are "Deactivating" |
| How do carbonyl groups direct? | Meta directors because they are "deactivating" |
| In order to be meso what does a compound have to have? | 1. Chiral centers 2. A plane of symmetry |
Created by:
sstauffer7
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