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chapter1(history)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Columbian exchange | a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves),communicable disease, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres |
| British colonial regions | new England, middle, and southern |
| Pequot War: | A conflict between English colonists in Massachusetts and the Pequots in 1636-37. Punishing the Pequots for the death of an English trader, their militia attacked men, women, and children at their largest village, setting it ablaze and shooting escapees. |
| Colonial growth | small settlements, economic, population growth to 1.5 million by 1750. A lot of this is due to economic interest. Opportunities of new land, resources ex Tobacco and lumber. |
| labor force | slaves, and indentured servants. |
| unique identity of New England | Puritan Loyalist Initially tried to integrate with Indians, eventually Much more rigid social and religious community Believe that they are above everyone else You can’t just join New England |
| unique identity of the south | Plantation colonies Built on slavery Limited freedom for minorities Just pushed the Indians |
| unique identity of the middle coloneis | New York, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania Dutch free trade Quakers free religion Free enterprise Lots of individual freedoms Had a good relationship with the colonies; accepted everyone |
| Treaty of Paris | The treaty that ended the french and indian war |
| Changing american identity | we are under the British crown(small settlement, joint stock company ect), to actual formation of colonies, French Indian war-shift to “we are a unified American colonies, to 1776 independence. |
| Sons of liberty | The original group of men established to resist British regulations. Wanted to gain popular support for the resistance. Created by Samuel Adams |
| Lexington and Concord | shot heard around the world, Paul revere went to warn Sam Adams and John Hancock. The British went to meet up with the minutemen. Someone accidently fired some colonial lives were lost, while many British lives were lost. |
| enlightenment | an intellectual movement in which the social issues of the world were analyzed and solved using the scientific method. |
| Great awakening | 1st popular movement spanning the entire British 13 colonies in America. Religion reached more people and church hierarchy comes into question -> influence on revolutionary ideas. Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” |
| Mercantilism | an economic theory, that states that a nation should be dependant upon its supply of capital. |
| Navigation Acts | The English Navigation Acts were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707Great Britain) and its colonies, a process which had started in 1651. |
| Glorious Revolution | the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III |
| self-government | colony with an elected legislature, in which politicians are able to make most decisions without reference to the colonial power. In almost all cases self-governing colonies have responsible government. |
| Bacon’s Rebellion | Bacon wanted frontier land from the Native Americans (expected aid from governor)/ Governor: no aid in taking land (trade interests) /Governor opposed him → attacked Jamestown → bacon died |
| The Proclamation of 1763 | an attempt to prevent the colonists from going west passed the Appalachian Mountains. British did this to prevent future issues between NA and the colonists. This angered them because they wanted the benefits that would come with the western lands. |
| The stamp act | Passed in 1765. The new tax was imposed on all colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed-paper they used. The money collected was to be used to help pay the costs of protecting the American frontier near the Appalachian Mountains. |
| Boston Massacre | an incident on March 5, 1770, in which British redcoats killed five civilian men. British troops had been stationed in Boston in order to protect and support crown-appointed officials attempting to enforce unpopular Parliamentary legislation. |
| Boston Tea Party | colonists in Boston, against the British government and the East India Company that controlled all the tea imported into the colonies. In 1773, a group of colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor. |
| 1. Under what economic system can a government only gain wealth by taking it from another, maintaining a fair balance of trade, and exploiting colonies for raw materials? | Mercantilism |
| 2. Why did Massachusetts lose its colonial charter in 1684 (hint: What were they not doing?) | Massachusetts was not following the Navigation act. |
| 3. Who came to power in England in the Glorious Revolution? | William and Mary |
| 4. What was the cause for Bacon’s Rebellion? | Bacon rebelled against Berkley because of bad colonial power and because Berkley was not allowing the colonists to take land from the Native Americans. |
| 5. What country’s presence in North America was declining in the 18th century? | Spain’s presence in North America was declining in the 18th century. |
| 6. What was the goal of the Jesuits in North America? | The goal of the Jesuits was to spread the truth about the Christian faith. They wanted to re-educate people on the Christian religion. |
| 1. What was the essential difference between the attitudes of Europeans and Native Americans toward natural resources? | The native americans respected nature, while the colonists believed that it was theirs to take. |
| 2. What was one reason the birthrate was higher in the colonies than back in Europe? | One reason the birthrate was higher in the colonies was because there was a smaller population. This meant that there were less people per square mile. The dense populations in Europe allowed diseases to travel far faster than in farm towns. |
| 3. What was the expected role of women in the colonies (for the most part)? | The women's role in life was to provide for her husband and family. Men were considered to be far more superior than man religiously and socially. People believed that childbirth was punishment for women. Except Quakers and some african slaves. serve man |
| 4. What religion allowed women to hold church office? | Quaker |
| 5.Why were slaves initially restricted in some areas from church membership? | Because the preachings of the church might lead the slaves to think that it is not fair for them to be slaves. |
| 6.Over half of the population arrived in the colonies as either slaves or what? | When people started arriving to the colonies more than half of the population was either a slave or an indentured servant. |
| 1. What was the purpose of the Committees of Correspondence? | The colonists and merchants told or “alerted” all the other colonists that the British were trying to gain trust by selling cheap tea. |
| 2. Why did the colonists of Boston revolt despite the lower prices of tea? | The colonists were getting “taxation without representation” and their loyalty was being bought by the British. |
| 3. The Coercive Acts included several different acts. Explain one of them. | One act out of the Coercive act was the Port Act. This act was implemented after the Boston Tea party. The Port Act closed the ports until the colonies paid back all the tea expenses. |
| 4. Why were colonists outraged by the Quebec Act even though it did not apply to them? | The colonists fought for the rights of the land, and then the British dont allow them to settle on it. Instead French settlers(who are still there after England won the french and Indian war). |
| 5. Why did Phillis Wheatley criticize the move for independence? | Phillis Wheatley did not think it was fair that this independence move was only for white people. She thought that it was extremely hypercritical. |
| Spanish colonization | Goals: Wealth/gold, convert native populations, power, and control/land. They demanded goods and labor from native, when their population declined they imported african slaves. Royal control= long distance government. Encomienda-land given + people land. |
| French colonization | better relationship with native Americans, there for colonization, French wouldn’t allow anybody except for Catholics. |
| John Locke | "social contract" if the government does not treat the people correctly then the people have the right to revolt. |
| Thomas Paine | Wrote "common sense" Participated in the american revolution. that he illuminated the idea that America could be a free land if the colonist band together and fought for it. |
| Adam Smith | Wealth of Nations Capitalism supply and demand invisible hand |
| Thomas Jefferson | Wrote the declaration of independence. Founder of Virginia 3rd president. |
| Montesquieu | separation of powers |
| Lexington and Concord | shot heard around the world, Paul revere went to warn Sam Adams and John Hancock. The British went to meet up with the minutemen. Someone accidently fired some colonial lives were lost, while many British lives were lost. |
| Declaration of Independence | A document stating the colonies independence from Britain. This document did not bring happiness, instead it brought sadness because the colonists knew that they were going to war. |
| Olive Branch Petition | A document that stated the colonies loyalty to Britain issued by the continental congress in 1775. England rejected the petition and the colonies were formally declared in rebellion by the Proclamation of Rebellion. |
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hrobideaux
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