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Histology-Connective

Med’11 Histology Connective Tissue

QuestionAnswer
What are the types of connective tissue? *Embryonic *CT Proper *Specialized CT
What are the types of embryonic CT? *Mesenchymal *Mucous
What are the types of CT Proper? *Loose *Dense *Reticular *Adipose
What are the specialized CT? *Blood *Cartilage *Bone
What is connective tissue formed of? Cells (manufacture and maintain matrix) + Matrix (formed from ground substance and fibers)
What are the functions of CT? *Structural support *Medium for exchange of metabolic waste and oxygen *Defense and protection by phagocytic and immunocompetent cells
Describe the ground substance. It is amorphous and hydrated. It is made up of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. The glycosaminoglycans are either sulfated or non-sulfated.
What are the 3 types of fibers? *Collagen *Elastic *Reticular
How many types of collagen are there? List 3. At least 15 types. Type I (bone, dentin, CT proper) Type II (hyaline and elastic cartilage) Type III (reticular fiber)
Describe collagen fibers. Inelastic and have great tensile strength. Formed of polymer called collagen, whose monomer is called tropocollagen. It is present in wavy bundles; the bundles may branch but the fibers don’t.
Describe elastic fibers. Formed of elastin and microfibrils. Highly elastic and appear yellow in fresh state. Elasticity due to protein: elastin, which is made of glycine, proline, and desmosine. Present in large arteries, trachea, and spleen.
Describe reticular fibers. Branching and anastomosing collagen fibers arranged in delicate network instead of bundles. Stained with silver.
What are the 2 classifications of CT cells? *Fixed (develop and stay in CT) *Transient (originate in blood marrow and migrate to CT)
What are the fixed CT cells? Fibroblasts - Pericytes - Adipocytes - Mast cells - Macrophages
What are the transient CT cells? Leucocytes - Plasma cells
List the (site - shape - structure - function) of fibroblasts. Site:distributed in CT and between bundles of CT Shape:fusiform Struct:large oval nucleus, pale-staining cytopl, rich rer, ribosomes, prominent GA There are active, inactive and myofibroblasts They are highly motile and prolifera
List the (origin - site - shape - function) of pericytes. Origin: mesenchymal Site: surround endothelial cells of capillaries and small venules Shape: stellate Function: can develop into other CT cells
List the (origin - site - shape - structure - function) of unilocular adipocytes. Origin: mesenchymal Site: in white adipose tissue Shape: spherical with a single large lipid droplet Structure: nucleus at periphery of cell; small GA, few mitochondria and RER, many ribosomes. Function: synthesis and storage of triglycerides
List the (origin - site - shape - structure - function) of multilocular adipocytes. Origin: mesenchymal Site: brown adipose tissue Shape: spherical with multiple small lipid structures Structure: more mitochondria, fewer free ribosomes, less RER than uni.AC Function: synthesis and storage of triglycerides; rapid distribution of he
List the (origin - site - shape - structure - function) of mast cells. Origin: hematopoietic Site: digestive and respiratory systems Shape: ovoid Structure: central, rounded nuclei; granules; many mitochondria; few RER; small GA; receptors for IgE.
What do the granules of mast cells contain? Heparin - Histamine - Neutral proteases - Leukotrienes - Eosinophil chemotactic factor - Prostaglandin - Neutrophil chemotactic factor
What is the function of histamine and leukotrienes? Increase permeability of blood vessels and cause vasodilation and edema. They initiate the inflammatory reaction known as immediate hypersensitivity reaction (anaphylactic shock).
List the (origin - site - shape - structure - function) of macrophages. Origin:monocytes Shape:irregular cell surf Struct:eccentric nucl.; basophilic cytoplasm; dense granules; small vacuoles; GA; prominent RER; many lysosomes Func:phagocytose; activated by factors released by lymphocytes; antigen-presenting to lymphocyt
List the (origin - site - shape - structure - function) of plasma cells. Origin: B-lymphocytes Shape: large, ovoid Structure: eccentric nuclei, very basophilic cytoplasm, nucleus has characteristic clockface appearance; many RER and prominent GA Function: antibody producing cells; humoral immunity *Life span: 10-30 days
Created by: Salma O
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