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Dat bio
Endocrin+nervous
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _______ glands are ductless that secrete________ into the _______ | endocrine, hormone, blood |
| ________ secrete into ducts | exocrine |
| nervous system communicates ____ and ___ while endocrine communicated solely __________ | electrical, chemical, chemical |
| nervous system responds ________ to stimulus while endocrine responds ________ | quickly, slowly |
| nervous system _____ stops when stimulus ceases while endocrine _______ | quickly, continues for a longer time |
| whats the master control center of endocrine system | There is none |
| the pituitary gland is divided into _____ and _______ | adenohypophysis (anterior) and neurohypophysis (posterior) |
| whats the connection between the anterior pit with the hypothalamus? and is there nervous connection | Hypopheseal portal system, no nervous connection |
| _________ connects the posterior pit to the hypothalamus | hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract |
| Hypothalmic hormones are | releasing, inhibiting, oxytocin and ADH |
| Ant pituitary hormone secretes FLAT PIG | FSH,LH,ACTH,TH,Prolactin,Growth Hormone |
| FLAT are _______ or _______ hormones | trophic/indirect- stimulate other endoc glands |
| PG are ______ hormones that stimulate target organs | direct |
| ______ stimulate development of egg and follicle + sperm production | FSH |
| ______ stimulate ovulation, corpus luteum to secrete estrogen and progesterone + secrete testosterone | LH |
| _____ stimulate secretion of thyroid hormone | TSH |
| ________ stimulate adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids and sex steroids not aldosterone | ACTH |
| glucocorticoids promotes _______ and _____ metabolism | gluconeogenesis, protein |
| ________ stimulates milk synthesis | Prolactin |
| _______ promotes mitosis, tissue growth, peaks during deep sleep, promotes protein synthesis, lipid + increase blood gluc | Growth hormone |
| Post Pit hormones | Oxytocin and ADH |
| ________ causes water retention,reduce urine volume, when blood vol decreases | ADH/vasopressin |
| ___ induce labor contractions, milk let down | Oxytocin |
| __________ releases serotonin in the day and melatonin at nights. circadian rhythm | Pineal Gland |
| _________ stores mature T-lymphocytes | Thymus gland |
| Thyroid release ______ that are iodine activated and increase metabolism and calorigenic effect. | Thyroxine |
| Thyroid release _____ decreases blood calcium and increases osteoblast | Calcitonin |
| ___________ stimulates increases blood calcium stimulates osteoclast. | Parathyroid hormone |
| _______ causes active reabsorption Na and passive reabsorption of H2O | Mineralcorticoid/aldosterone |
| ______ causes adrenal cortex secrete small amts of androgen | sex hormone |
| ___________ release amino acid compds called catecholamines associated with the sympathetic nervous system | adrenal medulla |
| adrenal medulla releases | epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline |
| adrenaline-_______ | increases heart rate, pulmonary airflow, circulation to muscles decrease digestion and urine |
| ________ stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone ___when blood volume falls | angiotesin2 |
| ______ stimulates glands in the stomach to release HCl | gastrin |
| the small intestine secretes ____ when acidic food enters | secretin |
| ________ released from intestine to stimulate release of bile and pancreatic juices | cholecystokinin |
| ____ stimulates protein and fat metabolism, gluconeogeneis, in islets of langerhans | Glucagon, alpha cells |
| _______ stimulates fat synthesis, glycogen storage, lowers blood gluc | Insulin, beta cells |
| underproduction of insulin; hyperglycemia | diabetes mellitus |
| steroid hormones derived from _____ and are : | cholesterol, corticosteroid hormones and estrogen, testosterone, progesterone |
| _____ are peptide hormones | Oxytocin +ADH |
| monamine hormones are | epinephrine, norepineph |
| functional unit of nervous system | neurons |
| neurons convert stimuli to ________ signals | electrochemical |
| neuron is divided into_______ that contains the nucleus, _______ are cytoplasmic extensions, _______ the cellular process that transmits impulses away from cell body | cell body, dendrites, axon |
| __________ gaps between myelin | nodes of ranvier |
| ___________ swellings on axon | synaptic terminals |
| resting membrane potential _______ which shows | -70mv, the inside is more negative than the outside |
| the cause of the resting potential | 1.neurons sel perm to K + neg charge proteins on the inside and impermeable to Na |
| threshold for action potential/depolarization initiation | -50 mV |
| what happens during depolarization | action potential initiated Na volt gates open - influx of Na |
| what causes repolarization | Efflux of K, returns cell to more neg potential |
| ____ overshoot of negative potential | hyperpolarization |
| How does Na/K pump returns the gradients to resting potential | activelt transport 3 NA out and 2 K in the cell |
| _______ prevents the backward travel of action potenial, ensure unidirectional | refractory period |
| ________ and _______ increase speed of action potential | diameter of axon ; myelin |
| Synapse is the gap between ______ and the _____ of another neuron | axon terminals, dendrites |
| action potential reaches the nerve terminal it __________ the synaptic vesicles and release _____ in the synapse | depolarize, neurotransmitter |
| Anticholinesterase _______, Botulism toxin ______ , Curare_______ | acetylcholine cont to affect post syn memb; prevents release of acetylcholine; blocks post synap receptors |
| ________ neurons aka sensory neurons | Afferent neurons :environ to brain and spinal cord |
| _______ neurons aka motor neurons | Effernt neurons |
| CNS consist | Brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral nerv syst is divided into | Somatic and autonomic |
| autonomic is divided into | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Brains outer grey body consists | cell bodies |
| Brains inner white matter contains | mylinated axons |
| Forebrain contains _______ and _______ | telencephalon: cerebral cortex; diencephalon: thalamus and hypothalamus |
| _______ integrates sensory input and motor responses (olfact) | cerebral cortex |
| _______ relay info for spinal cord and cerebral cortex | diencephalon: thalamus and hypothalamus |
| __________ relay for visual and auditory | mid brain |
| ________ posterior brain | cerebellum , pons, medulla |
| _____ allow cortex to communicate with cerebellum | pons |
| ____ deals with balance, hand eye coordination | cerebellum |
| ________ controls involuntary processes | medulla |
| ________ conduit for sensory info to brain and motor info from brain | Spinal cord |
| spinal cord has outer ______ and inner ____ | white: axons; grey : cell bodies |
| ____ responsible for voluntary movements | Somatic nervous system |
| Involuntary nervous system | Autonomic Nervous system |
| Fight flight response is controlled by | Sympathetic Nervous System |
| primary neurotransmitter in sympathetic nervous system | norepinephrine |
| _______ conserves energy and restores body to rest | Parasympathetic nervous |
| primary neurotransmitter in parasympathetic nerv system | acetylcholine |
| react to high illumination and sensitive to color | Cones |
| react to lo illumination, important for night vision | RODS |
| Fovea is rich in ______ is necessary for high acuity vision | Cones |
| tympanic membrane | ear drum |
| ossicles | malleus, incus, stapes |
| ____ amplify sound | ossicles |
| _______ vibrate at same freq as incoming sound | ear drum |
Created by:
smuttz
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