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Western Ci 2 Chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The period approximately between 1500 and 1700. During this time the foundations of modern science were laid down in Western Europe. Nothing like science in the modern sense existed before this time. | The Scientific Revolution |
| A Polish astronomer who created the heliocentric model of the solar system and said the Earth itself revolved around its axis. | Nicolas Copernicus |
| An English physician who uncovered that the heart circulates blood through the body of humans. He did his studies on the motion of the heart and blood in a wide range of living animals. He had disproved Galen's theory of blood being motionless. | William Harvey |
| An Italian physicist and astronomer who introduced the scientific revolution that grew in the work of Sir Isaac Newton with help from astronomer Johannes Kepler.He invented the telescope. | Galileo |
| German astronomer and natural philosopher best known for having formulated and verified the three laws of planetary motion. | Johannes Kepler |
| An English philosopher, statesman, and one of the pioneers of modern scientific thought. Called the Father of Empiricism. His works established the inductive methodologies for the scientific inquiry known as the scientific method or the Baconian Method. | Sir Francis Bacon |
| A French philosopher and writer called the father of modern philosophy. His main works consisted of the widely heard speech on Method and his complex study of optics led him to the independent uncovering of the fundamental law of reflection. | Rene Descartes |
| An English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian. He is considered to be one of the most important scientists of all time. He described universal gravitation and formulated three laws motion. | Sir Isaac Newton |
| The trends in thought in Europe and the American colonies during the 18th century before the French Revolution. Rising from centuries of darkness and ignorance. They were moving into a new age enlightened by reason, science, and a respect for humanity. | The Age of Enlightenment |
| An English philosopher and physician. Commonly known as the Father of Liberalism and viewed as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Believed everyone was born equal. Everyone has a right to have a say in government. | John Locke |
| An English philosopher that is commonly known today for his work on political philosophy. Believed everyone needed a master to tell them what is right and what is wrong. We are animals: Prey or Predators. Believed in a monarchy- king | Thomas Hobbes |
| Knowledgeable of the 18th century Enlightenment.Public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning: philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues. Searched for weaknesses&failures that needed improvement. | Philopsophes |
| The theory that societies can or do improve in terms of technology, science, and social organization. The prediction is that the process will happen once people apply their reason and skills, but it is not arranged. | Progress |
| Religion should be reasonable. The knowledge of the natural world and the human world has nothing to do whatsoever with religion and should be approached completely free from religious ideas or convictions. | Deism |
| The value that each individual should be free to follow his own interests. We permit individuals to do what we disapprove of for instance social, ethnic, sexual, or religious practices. | Tolerance |
| A British writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. She indicates that men and women should be treated as equal beings. | Mary Wollstonecraft |
| A Genevan philosopher. Explained his views on the social contract. He believed that the individuals should feel motivated because of their double roles as individuals and members of the body, to combine all the advantages that mutual aid offers to them. | Jean Jacques Rousseau |
| A novel written by Mary Wollstonecraft where she argues that women are not naturally inferior to men, but seem to be because of their lack education. The educational and political didn’t feel women should have an education. | The Vindication of the Rights of Woman |
| The novel by Jean Jacques Rousseau that theorized about the best way to set up a political community in the face of the problems of commercial society. Created to explain the proper relationship between individuals and their governments. | Social Contract |
| A view in political philosophy applying to the desire or interest of a people as a whole. It was made famous by Jean Jacques Rousseau. what is best for the common good or society. It is what is good for everyone in the society. | General Will |
| He was a French social commentator and political thinker who lived during the Enlightenment. Famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers. | Montesquieu |
| His famous work, Candid, expresses his beliefs in the freedoms of thought and expression outside of religion. | Voltaire |
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