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TX Hist Ch 16.1
Presidential Reconstruction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | A period in which the Southern states were gradually brought back into the Union after the Civil War; a time of rebuilding |
| freedmen | former slaves |
| nullify | To cancel, such as to cancel a law |
| Juneteenth | June 19, 1865 The day enslaved Texans celebrated their freedom. General Gordon Granger brought news of emancipation to Texas. |
| Four problems faced by the Southern states during the Reconstruction period | 1. the South lay in ruins 2. money was scarce 3. differences between the North & the South 4. free African Americans had no food or shelter |
| What was General Gordon Granger’s first act after arriving in Texas? | He issued a proclamation declaring all slaves free. It was June 19, 1865. |
| Where were Union troops stationed after the Civil War? | •At Galveston •At the Rio Grande to patrol the Mexican border •Assigned to larger towns to maintain law & order •Occupied Austin, the capital |
| What was President Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction plan for the Southern states? Part 1 | •Each state must prohibit slavery •Each state must nullify, or cancel, its ordinance of secession (which claimed that the state had the right to secede) (see Part 2 for more) |
| What was President Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction plan for the Southern states? Part 2 | •Citizens were required to take an Oath of Allegiance to the U.S. to gain the right to vote •Leaders of the Confederacy or those owning $20,000 in cash or property needed a special pardon from the president |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Helped people left homeless by the War and supervised the affairs of newly freed blacks. Found jobs, issued food & clothing to the sick, aged and poor. Established the 1st public schools for blacks. Defended rights of freed Texans in court cases. |
| Why did people oppose slavery? | 1. It is wrong for one person to own another, 2. slaves had terrible lives, 3. slavery went against the ideas of democracy and freedom |
| How did people defend slavery? | 1. said it supported the economy, 2. said that great civilizations in the past had slavery, 3. said slaves were not mistreated |
| Slave escapes and rebellions | 1. whites feared large slave rebellions, 2. number of escapes increased by 1850's, 3. slaves were severely punished if caught |
| Slaves at work | 1. worked six days a week, 2. worked in the fields or factories, 3. worked from daybreak to dark |
| Slaves at leisure | 1. went to church 2. had dances or family gatherings 3. told stories or played games 4. tended their gardens or did personal chores |
| Gordon Granger | landed at Galveston on June 19, 1865; his first action was to issue a proclamation declaring all enslaved Texans were free |
| Abraham Lincoln | president during the Civil War; signed the Emancipation Proclamation; was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth; wanted moderate reconstruction |
| Andrew Hamilton | was appointed provisional governor of Texas until the state was readmitted to the Union under the Presidential Reconstruction Plan |
| Philip Sheridan | commanded the district containing Texas and Louisiana |
| Edmund Davis | Radical Republican candidate for governor of Texas in 1869 beating Andrew Hamilton |
| James Throckmorton | elected governor of Texas in 1866 |
| Elisha Pease | took over as governor of Texas after Throckmorton--was appointed by Sheridan |
| Richard Coke | Democrat who replaced Edmund Davis as governor of Texas in 1874 |
Created by:
Triana Silliman
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