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Ch. 39
The Cold War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 22nd Amendment | presidential term limit set at 2 |
| post war economy | faced a downturn at first, then it surged as consumers began to demand more |
| Strikes | violent, Truman threatened to draft all strikers if they didn't stop |
| Taft-Hartley Act, 1947 | created to control unions, leaders had to take loyalty oaths |
| AFL-CIO | 2 major unions that merged in 1955 |
| Harry S. Truman | he made difficult decisions and took responsibility for them. "The buck stops here" |
| war economy | much of the prosperity of the time seemed to depend on the idea of a permanent war economy |
| GI Bill | created in 1944 to provide loans for college, homes, business, etc. for veterans |
| Desegregation | Truman attempted civil rights legislation for blacks, congress wouldn't support him, Truman desegregated the military |
| Jackie Robinson | 1st professional black baseball player |
| Economic Turn | by 1948-50 the economy was growing, millions of new purchases from bonds, savings accounts |
| Suburbs | housing shortages, leads to conformity, shopping centers were built, development in downtown areas declined |
| white flight | majority of the people who moved to the suburbs were white |
| Levittowns | suburb housing developments, home ownership increases, middle class forming in america and gaining power |
| Government policy | seemed to spread de facto segregation, FHA cited risks in making loans to blacks and refused them mortgages, limiting black mobility |
| Beatniks | expressed disillusion with middle class values |
| role of women | after the war was back as a homemaker, yet many women were not happy with this |
| Betty Frieden | Femine Mystique, study of the conformity and problems associated with it for women |
| National Highway Act | Federal Interstate adn Defense HWY Act, introduced by Eisenhower and built interstates |
| Economic Base | fewer farmers needed, more focus on energy |
| Sunbelt | people move in large numbers to the south, new jobs, military bases, lower taxes, better weather, ect. |
| Baby Boom | postwar baby explosion |
| Dr Jonas Salk | developed a vaccine for polio |
| Dr. Benjamin Spock | began writing booms on child care |
| United Nations | maintain peace, general assembly makes up all members |
| Security Council | permanent 5 members, one member can veto a UN idea, all must agree for major veto actions, CHINA, USSR, US, FRANCE, BRITAIN |
| Universal Decleration of Human Rights | created by UN, list of human rights common to all people |
| Satellite States | countries of Eastern Europe controlled by the soviet union (puppet gvts) |
| Containment | don't let communism spread, Truman's foreign policy |
| Iron Curtain | Winston Churchill speech, described the division of communist and non communist Europe |
| Cold War | conflicting ideas b/w Russia and US, lasted until 1991, period of hostility short of direct military conflict |
| Truman Doctrine | any country in Europe fighting communism would get military aid from US, Greece and Turkey accepted 1st |
| Marshall plan | gives economic aid to European countries who would agree to trade with eachother, the soviets didnt participate because they wouldn't trade with capitalists |
| Germany | had been divided into 4 zones, British, US, French, USSR, Berlin was a divided city |
| Blockade | set up by Stalin to keep supplies for the allies out of Berlin |
| Berlin Airlift | planes dropped supplies into allied areas of Berlin |
| Middle East | Israel was created in 1948 by the UN as a homeland for Jews |
| National Security Act, 1947 | created the joint chiefs of staff, the CIA, and National Security Council |
| CIA | US needed to know what was going on in other countries after WW2 |
| NATO | defensive military alliance of non-communist countries |
| Warsaw Pact | Soviets responded with their own alliance |
| Chiang Kai Shek | leader of nationalist China |
| Mao Zedong | led a communist revolution in China, and started a civil war, Communists won |
| Formosa (Taiwan) | nationalist leaders went here, they represented China in the UN |
| Arms Race | begins b/w US and USSR |
| Fallout Shelters | protective shelters used during a nuclear attack |
| Duck and Cover | taught as a means of protection from a nuclear blast |
| Loyalty Programs | fear of communism, Truman, federal employees were investigated, teachers, etc. |
| House Un-American Committee | began to heavily investigate the movie industry for communists |
| Hollywood Ten | actors accused of being communist didn't cooperate with the investigation committee and refused to name others |
| Alger Hiss | accused of spying for the soviets |
| Ethel and Julius Rosenberg | accused of giving secrets of the atomic bomb to the soviets, found guilty and both were executed |
| McCarran Internal Security Bill, 1950 | authorized the president to arrest and detain suspicious people during an internal security emergency |
| Joseph McCarthy | began a red scare in the 1950s, "are you now or have you ever been a member of the communist party?" |
| McCarthyism | technique of never explaining a charge or having evidence and making more accusations when questioned |
| 1948 Election | Truman was being blamed for the problems in the US |
| Dixiecrats | southern democrats who didn't support Truman b/c of his stand on civil rights |
| Polls | wrong, Truman won the election |
| Fair Deal | extension of the New Deal, Truman's platform |
| NSC-68 | said US should quadruple their defense spending |
| Korea | divided b/w communist north and noncommunist south after WW2, Called a police action when the UN sent troops |
| Limited War | no weapons used (Nuclear Weapons) |
| SEATO | created to halt the expansion of communism in southeast Asia |
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