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The Cold War
Chapter 39
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 22nd Amendment | President can only serve two terms |
| War Economy | faced a downturn at first, then it surged as consumers begin to demand more |
| Strikes | violent strikes; Truman threatened to draft all strikers if they didn't stop |
| Taft Hartley Act 1947 | created to contol unions; leaders had to take loyalty oaths |
| AFL-CIO | 2 major unions that merged in 1955 |
| Harry S. Truman 1945-1951 | "The Buck Stops Here"; he made difficult decisions and took responsibility for them |
| War Economy | much of the prosperity of the time seemed to depend on the idea of a permanent war economy |
| GI Bill 1944 | created to provide loans for college, homes, business, etc. for veterans |
| Desegregation | Truman attempted civil rights legislation for blacks; congress wouldn't support him; he desegregated the military |
| Jackie Robinson | first black professional Baseball player |
| Economic Turn 1948-1950 | the economy was growing; millions of new purchases from bonds; savings accounts |
| Suburbs | housing shortages caused the movement to the suburbs; leads to conformity; development in downtown areas declines |
| White Flight | majority of people who moved to the suburbs were white |
| Levittowns | suburb housing developments; home ownership increases; middele class forming in America and gaining power |
| Government Policy | seemed to spread de facto segregation; Federal Housing Administration cited risks in making loans to blacks and refused them mortgages limiting black mobility |
| Beatniks | expressed dissillusion with middle class values |
| Women's Roles | after the war they were homemakers and many were not happy with this |
| Betty Frieden | wrote Feminine Mystique: a study of conformity and the problems associated with it for women |
| Federal Interstate and Defense Highway Act 1950's | introduced by Eisenhower;builds interstates |
| Economic Base | fewer farmers needed and more focus on industry |
| Sunbelt | people moved here in large numbers; new jobs, military bases, lower taxes, better weather |
| Baby Boom | post war population explosion |
| Dr.Jonas Salk | developed a vaccine for polio |
| Dr. Benjamin Spock | wrote books on childcare |
| United Nations | created to maintain peace; General Assembly makes up for all of the UN members |
| UN Security Council | US, Britain, France, Russia, and China are permanent members; it has veto power and all must agree for major actions; one member can veto an idea |
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 | created by the UN; list of human rights common to all people |
| Organization of American States 1948 | formed to create cooperation among North and South American countries |
| Satellite Nations | countries of Eastern Europe controlled by USSR (puppet govt.) |
| Truman's Foreign Policy | containment: don't let communism spread |
| Iron Curtain | Winston Churchill's speech; described the division of communist and non-communist Europe |
| Cold War | conflicting ideas between US and USSR; lasted until 1991; period of hostility short of direct military conflict |
| Truman Doctrine | any country in Europe fighting communism would get military aid from the US; Greece and Turkey accepted first |
| Marshall Plan | gives economic aid to European countries who would agree to trade with each other; the soviets didn't trade with capitalist countries |
| Germany Divided | it was divided into four zones controlled by US, France Britain, and USSR; Eastern Germany controlled by USSR; Berlin was a divided city; Stalin set up a blockade to keep supplies for the allies out of Berlin |
| Berlin Airlift 1948-1949 | planes dropped supplies into allied areas of Berlin |
| Middle East | Israel created in 1948 by the UN as a homeland for the Jews after WWII |
| National Security Act 1947 | created the joint chiefs of staff; created the CIA and the National Security Council |
| CIA | the US needed to know what was going on in other countries after WWII |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; a deffensive military alliance of non-communist coutries |
| Warsaw Pact | how the Soviets responded to Nato; communist countries' alliance |
| Chiang Kai-Shek | leader of nationalist China |
| Mao Zedong | led a communist revolt in China and started a Civil War; the communists won |
| Formosa/Taiwan | nationalist leaders went here and they represented China in the UN |
| Arms Race | begins between US and USSR (weapons) |
| Fall Out Shelters | protective shelters used during a nuclear attack |
| Duck and Cover | taught as a means of protection from a nuclear blast |
| Loyalty Programs | fear of communism; Truman; federal employees such as teachers were investigated |
| House Un-American Activities Committee | established and began to heavily investigate the movie industry for communists |
| Hollywood Ten | actors accused of being communist; they didn't cooperate with the investigation committee and refused to name others |
| Alger Hiss | accused of spying for the Soviets |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | accused of giving secrets to the Soviets on the atomic bomb; found guilty and both were executed |
| McCarran Internal Security Bill 1950 | authorized the president to arrest and detain suspicious people during an internal security emergency; vetoed by Truman |
| Joseph McCarthy | "Are you now or have you ever been a member of the communist party"; begins a red scare in the 1950's |
| McCarthyism | technique of never explaining a charge or having evidence and making more accusations when questioned |
| 1948 Election | Truman was being blamed for problems in the US |
| Dixiecrats | southern Democrats who didn't support Truman because of his stand on civil rights |
| Polls | Truman won the 1948 election and the polls had been wrong; "Give 'Em Hell Harry" |
| Fair Deal | extension of the New Deal: Truman's Plaform |
| NSC-68 | said the US should quadruple their defense spending |
| Korea/38th Parallel | divided between communist north and non-communist south after WWII; it was called a police action when the UN sent troops |
| Korean War Info | it was a limited war; no nuclear weapons used |
| SEATO | South East Asia Treaty Organization; created to halt the expansion of communism in South East Asia |
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