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U.S. History
Chapter 6 (Industrialism)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| George Pullman - | Known for inventing passenger cars; built elegant neighborhoods for workers |
| John D. Rockefeller- | "Baron Robber"; used trust to take control of almost the entire oil industry; head of the Oil Standard Industry |
| Andrew Carnegie- | Supported Social Gospel, because he beleived that the rich should give money to the poor; Head of the Carnegie Steel Industry; used horizontal integration and vertical integration |
| Horizontal integration- | Merging to the companies to take total control |
| Vertical integration- | Buys out its suppliers, distributors,etc. to take total ocontrol of the company |
| Social Gospel- | A 19th century movement, which Christians believed that they could improve working conditions and alleviate poverty. |
| City of Pullman- | Elegant neighborhood, built for the workers. However, it was under firm control of the company, which resulted in a strike. |
| Mary "Mother" Jones- | Supported the Great Strike of 1877; formed the Miners Workers Union |
| Eugene V. Debs- | Led the American Railway Union |
| Conditons, working on the railroad- | Many workers were killed by Native American attacks and diseases |
| Land grants- | The government gave them to railroad companies and settlers to settle the West. |
| Triangle Shirtwash Factory- | Fire burned it on March 25, 1911; 140 women died |
| Haymarket Riot- | 3,000 people protested against police brutality; It became violent after an unknown person threw a bomb |
| The Great Strike of 1877- | Ohio Railroad and Baltimore Railroad striked to protest their 2nd wage cut in 2 months. It was later broken off when the railroad president persuaded President Hayes to bring federal troops |
| Scabs- | Strikebreaker |
| Robber Barons- | Industrial leaders of great wealth |
| Edward L. Drake- | Used steam engine to drill for oil |
| Wobblies- | Another name for the Industrial Workers of the World |
| What did the American Federation Labor use? | Collective bargaining (Negotiations between workers and boss) |
| Who was the head of the American Federation Labor? | Samuel Gompers |
| Who invented typewriter? | Christopher Sholes |
| Who invented the telephone? | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Sweatshop- | Small factories with poor working conditions |
| After the Pullman Strike, what happened to Eugene V. Debs? | He was arrested |
| What did the Knights of Labor and National Labor Union both demanded for? | 8 hours of workdays and "equal pays for equal work" for women and men |
| What did the Sherman Antitrust Act outlaw? | Trusts |
| Why was the South bypassed by the North? | The staggered southern U.S. states was healing itself from the Civil War |
| Monopoly- | Complete control over the company |
| What sparked the industrial boom? | Wealth of natural resources, Urban population, government support of business, and technological inventions. |
| Which immigrants were paid less while building railroads? | The Chinese |
| What is the process that injects air into molten iron and brings out carbon, in order to make steel? | Bessemer process |
| What happened to labor unions as they become stronger? | Many employers forbade union meetings, fired union members, and forced employees to sign "yellow-dog contracts", swearing that they wouldn't join the union. |
| What happened in the Homestead Act? | Steelworkers called a strike on June 29, 1892, after the company president, Henry Clay Frick, announced his plan to cut wages. |
| When was the Transcontinental Railroad built ? | In 1869 |
| Why were farmers upset with railroad companies? | They misued land grants to business, hiked up prices, to keep farmers in debt, and charged different consumers with different wages. |
| What were Railroad corruption? | Fixed prices, and charged different consumers with different rates |
| Credit Mobilier- | Railroad company, that was part of the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad,was part of a scandal. |
| Munn vs. Illinois- | An 1877 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the states could regulate railroad for the benefit of the farmers and consumers. It gave the government to supervise private industry to serve public interest. |
| Interstate Commerce Act- | Established the right of the federal govt. to supervise railroad activities and established a 5-member Interstate Commerce Commission for that purpose. |
| Recession- | Economic drop, that resulted in inflation and increased unemployment. |
| Where did Thomas Edison invent the lightbulb? | Menlo Park, New Jersey |
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