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chapter 8
chapter 8 vocab (45words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. progressivism | movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms |
| 2. muckraker | writer who uncover and exposes misconduct in politics or business |
| 3. Lincoln Steffens | editor of McClure magazine, known for uncovering social problems. 1903 published The Shame of the Cities |
| 4. Social Gospel | reforms movement that emerged in the late 19th century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles |
| 5. settlement house | community center organized at the turn of the 20th century to provide social service to the urban poor |
| 6. Jane Addams | became leading figure in the settlement house |
| 7. direct primary | election in which citizen themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
| 8. initiative | process in which citizen put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
| 9. referendum | precess that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by legislature |
| 10. recall | process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end |
| 11. Jacob Riis | photographer for the New York Evening Sum |
| 12. Florence Kelley | believed that women were hurt by the unfair prices pf goods they had to buy to run their homes |
| 13. NCL | group organized in 1989 to investigate the conditions under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum wage |
| 14. temperance movement | movement aimed at stopping alcohol abused and problems created by it |
| 15. Margaret Sanger | nurse. she thought that family life and women`s health would improve if mothers had fewer kids |
| 16. Ida B. Wells | black teacher , helped form the NACW ( national association of colored woman) |
| 17. suffrage | the right to vote |
| 18. Carrie Chapman Catt | studied and worked as one of the county`s first female school superintendents. she traveled around the county urging women join the NAWSA ( national american woman suffrage association ) |
| 19. NAWSA | group founded in 1980 that worked no both the state and national levels to earn woman the right to vote |
| 20. Alice Paul | best leader, raised in Quaker home where she was encouraged to be independent |
| 21, 19th amendment | constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote |
| 22. Americanization | belief that assimilating immigrant into American society would make them more loyal citizen |
| 23. Booker T. Washington | 1856-1915, believed that African Americans had to achieve economic independence before the civil rights. Black people must tolerate discrimination while they prove themselves equal to white people |
| 24. W.E.B Du Bois | 1868-1963, believed that black Americans had to demand their social and civil rights or else become permanent victims of racism. African Americans must fight every day for the rights given to them in the constitution |
| 25. Niagara Movement | group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education abd voting practices |
| 26. NAACP | (national association for the advancement of colored people) interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil right for African Americans |
| 27. urban League | network of churches and club that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African American get settled and find work in the cities |
| 28. Anti-Defamation league | organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attack and false statement |
| 29. mutualistas | organized group of Mexican American that make loans and provide legal assistance to other member of their |
| 30. Theodore Roosevelt | 26th president also known as "teddy bear" formed the Rough Riders |
| 31. square deal | president Roosevelt`s program pf reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor |
| 32. Hepburn act | 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines |
| 33. Meat Inspection Act | 1906 law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants |
| 34. Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs |
| 35. John Muir | California naturalist, whose effort had led congress to create Yosemite National Park in 1890 |
| 36. Gifford Pinchot | led the Division of Forestry in the U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| 37. National Reclamation act | 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects |
| 38. New Nationalism | President Theodore Roosevelt`s plan to restore the government`s trust-busting power |
| 39. Progressive party | political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republicans Party in 1912 |
| 40. Woodrow Wilson | 28th president. doctoral thesis " congressional government |
| 41. new freedom | Wilson`s program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small business |
| 42 16th amendment | 1913 Constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax |
| 43. federal reserve act | 1913law that placed national banks under control of a federal reserve board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds form commercial banks sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks |
| 44. federal trade commission | government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false adversity, and dishonest labeling |
| 45. Clayton Anti Trust Act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Anti Trust Act |
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