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DAT ch 8

bio- respiration from coursesaver notes

QuestionAnswer
Glucose Catabolism oxidative breakdown of glucose; two stages are glycolysis and respiration
Glycolysis breakdown of 1 glucose => 2 pyruvate in CYTOplasm
Glucose => 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H +2H20
Phosphofructokinase (step 3) – rate determining step; ATP consumed
Step 4 of glycolysis where fructose splits into 2 PGAL molecules
Fermentation anaerobic conditions; NAD+ must be regenerated; produces only 2ATP per glucose
Cellular Respiration can yield 36-38 ATP; O2 is final acceptor // PDC, CAC, ETC
PDC mito MATRIX; CO2 is lost; NAD+ reduced to NADH
Citric Acid Cycle Krebs cycle 2Acetyl-CoA => 4CO2 + 6NADH + 2FADH2 + 2GTP + 4H +2CoA
ETC also called OXIDATIVE phosphorylation INNER mito MEMbrane; electrons transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen
cytochromes are the carrier molecules with Fe in functional unit-- Eukaryotic ATP production / glucose
When glucose runs low, body utilizes the following in order other carbs (glycogen in liver), fats, proteins (only when carbs and fats gone)
Fats are stored in adipose tissue as triglyceride / hydrolyzed by lipases to fatty acids / carried by blood to tissues/ must be activated / GREATEST ATP yield / synthesized in cytosol / B-oxidation in mitochondrial matrix
Cori cycle converts lactate back to glucose
Glyoxylate cycle occurs in plants & bacteria.
Alveoli wheregas exchange between the circulatory system and the lungs occurs
surfactant reduces the surface tension
Inhalation diaphragm contracts/ flattens; increase in volume / decrease in pressure in lungs
Air pathway nasal cavity - trachea - bronchus - bronchiole - alveoli
Exhalation passive process; decrease in volume/ increase in air pressure; diagphram expands
Bohr effect hemoglobin unloads O2 under conditions of low pH (high CO2 & [H+]) *Oxygen diffuses from alveolar air into blood
Created by: xeenie
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