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DAT ch 1
bio- basis of life from coursesaver notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ingestion | acquisition of food |
| Assimilation | building of new tissues from digested food |
| Monosaccharide | (carb) single sugar subunit |
| Polysaccharide | carb) polymer, insoluble in water; ex: glycogen / cellulose Lipids |
| Proteins | polymers of AA joined by peptide bond / 1* = AA sequence, 2* = folding (alpha beta) · Hormones (ACTH & insulin), Enzymes, structural pro (collagen), transport (hemoglobin), antibodieS |
| Enzymes | lower activation E & inc. rate of rxn / do not affect overall E · Higher temp = inc enzyme action / optimal pH = 7.2 (except pepsin & pancreas) |
| Competitive inhibitors | compete w/ substrate for binding at ACTIVE site; can be overcome by adding more substrate; Vmax not affected |
| Noncompetitive inhibitors | bind at allosteric site; diminishes Vmax |
| Prokaryotes | bacteria, cell wall, NO nucleus, NO memb-bound organelles, ribosomes (no mem), mesosomes (invaginations of membrane) |
| Eukaryotes | cell wall in fungi & plants, nucleus, membrane-bound organelles |
| Centrioles | microtubule involved in spindle organization during cell division/ NO membrane |
| Centromere | near middle of eukaryotic chromosomes where spindle fibers attach |
| Lysosome | membrane bound, involved in ingestion / hydrolytic enzymes |
| Mitochondria | exhibit maternal inheritance |
| desmosomes | “spot welds”; attach cells together and give cells mechanical strength (ex. skin cells) |
| Tight junctions | seal the spaces b/w cells and prevent cell leakage (ex. intestinal cells) |
| Gap junctions | allow cells to exchange nutrients and for molecular communication |
| Endosymbiotic Theory | mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent unicellular organisms living in symbiosis with larger cells |
| Fluid Mosaic | lipids and proteins are free to move back and forth fluidly; diffuse laterally ‑Integral Membrane are embedded in membrane by hydrophobic interactions ‑Peripheral are stuck to integral membrane proteins by H bonding |
| Cell surface Receptors | type of integral membrane protein; three types: ligand-gated (open ion channel), catalytic, and G-protein |
| G-Protein | use secondary messengers such as cAMP which amplify signal |
Created by:
xeenie
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