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Chapter 8
45 words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Progressivism | movement that responded to the pressures of industrailization and urbanization by promoting reforms |
| muckracker | writer who uncovers and expsoses misconduct in politics or business |
| Lincoln Steffens | leading muckraker who was the managing editor at McClure's-magazine known for uncovering social problems. He published The Shame of the Cities, a collection of articles on political corruption. |
| Jacob Riis | influential muckraker and photographer for the New York Evening Sun. He took pictures of the poor tenement buildings and published How the Other Half Lives.It shoked the nation's conscience and led to reforms. |
| Social Gospel | reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve soceity by applying Christian principles |
| settlement house | community center organized at the turn of the 20th century to provide social services to the urban poor |
| Jane Addams | a leading figure in the settlement house movement. In 1889 she opened Hull House in Chicago. It inspired many middle class women to become social workers and it won much praise |
| direct primary | election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
| initiative | process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
| referendum | process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passes by a legislature |
| recall | process in which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end |
| Florence Kelly | believed that women were hurt by the unfair prices of goods they had to buy to run their homes. She helped found the National Cosumer's League |
| National Consumer's League | gave special labels to "goods produced under fair ,safe,and healthy working conditions" and urged women to buy them and acoid products that didnt have the label |
| temeperance movement | led by the Women's Christian Temperance Union.Promoted temperance-practice of never drinking alcohol. |
| Margaret Sanger | said family life and women's health would improve if mothers had fewer children.1916- she opened the country's 1st birth-control clinic.She founded the American Birth Control League to make the doctor's family planning information available to more women |
| Ida B. Wells | helped found the National Association of Colored Women. It strived to help families for succes and to assist those hwo were less fortunate. They set up day care centers to protect and educate black children while their parents were at work |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | studied law and was the 1st female school superintedents.She traveled around the country urging women to join the National American Woman Suffrage Assoc. |
| National American Woman Suffrage Assoc. | group founded in 1890 that worked on both the state and national levels to earn women the right to vote |
| Alice Paul | believd drastic steps needed to be taken to win the vote. She formed the National Women's Party who used public protest marches,even outside the White House.Some went on hunger strikes and it did help win the right to vote. |
| Nineteenth Amendment | the right to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex |
| Americanization | belief that assmilitating immigrants into American soceity would make them more loyal citizens |
| Booker T. Washington | told blacks to move slowly toward racial progress. He believed by working hard and being patient, blacks would eventually win white's respect |
| W.E.B Du Bois | urged blacks to demand immediate full equality by the Constituiton |
| Niagara Movement | group founded by African American thinkers in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting rights |
| NAACP | National Assoc. for the Advancement of Colored People. interracial org.1909, to abolish segregatio and discrimination and to acheive political and civil rights for blacks |
| Anti-Defamation League | org. formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements |
| mutualistas | organized groups of Mexican Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Became president after McKinley was assasinated in 1900. He used his office and its power to convince Americans of thee need for change and to push through his reform proposals |
| Square Deal | Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and poor |
| Hepburn Act | 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferried, bride tolls, and oil pipelines |
| Meat Inspection Act | 1906 law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs |
| John Muir | federal government established Yosemite National Park in 1890 because of his efforts |
| Gifford Pinchot | led the Division of Forestry. He believed forests should be protected so that trees would have time to mature into good lumber |
| National Reclamation Act | 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and managment of dams and irrigation projects |
| New Nationalism | a program to restore the government's trustbusting power. |
| Progressive Party | political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party |
| Woodrow Wilson | Won the election of 1912 because of the Republican split over the issue of reform |
| New Freedom | Wilson's program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses |
| Sixteenth Amendment | 1913-gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax |
| Federal Reserve Act | 1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks |
| Federal Trade Commission | government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Anti-trust Act |
| Urban League | network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities |
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