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GramNegBacteria
lecture 6 greenberg
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dysentery | diarrhea with blood and/or pus, usually accompanied by fever |
| enterotoxin | toxin secreted into intestinal lumen that causes secretion of fluid into it |
| septicemia | fever syndrome characterized by bacteria in bloodstream |
| zoonosis | infectious dz that primarily affects animals but where humans can be accidental hosts |
| accounts for > 90% of all UTIs especially in young women | E. coli |
| type 1 pilin and P fimbriae | specific to E. coli and allow it to attach well to urothelium |
| capsular antigen found on strains of E. coli causing neonatal meningitis | K1 antigen (capsular) |
| E. coli heat-labile toxin is associated with what dz? | traveler's diarrhea through plasmid, much like cholera mechanism |
| E. coli heat-stable toxin activates what intracellular enzyme? | guanylate cyclase, also fluid secretions causing diarrhea |
| EHEC toxin aka ______, why? | Shiga-like toxin, causes bloody diarrhea like Shigella |
| most famous strain of EHEC | O157:H7 |
| Shiga toxin is ____lytic | cytolytic, destroyed intestinal epithelium leaks fluid and blood into stool |
| four most common Shigella species that cause dysentery in humans | sonnei, flexneri, boydii and dysenteriae |
| most common clinical manifestations of Salmonella enterica infection | enterocolitis, bacteremia with focal lesions and enteric fever |
| Salmonella enterica is classified into its subgroups using what? | O-antigen serotyping -- groups A-D most affect humans |
| Name the two Yersinia species that can mimic appendicitis | enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis |
| Yersinia and Salmonella both tend to reside and replicate within _______ | macrophages preferentially; they are intracellular pathogens |
| cause of the bubonic plague | Yersinia pestis |
| carrier for bubonic plague | rat flea carries from rat to rat then bites humans to infect them (zoonotic) |
| striking physical exam finding of pt with bubonic plague | massive lymph node enlargement, possibly near point of rupture |
| tell-tale method of identifying Yersinia just with Gram-staining and microscope | safety pin appearance, bipolar staining on Gram stain |
| 2 definitive tests for identifying Salmonella in lab | presence of hydrogen sulfide, oxidase negative |
| causative agent/mechanism of cholera | Vibrio cholerae A/B toxin, causes buildup of cAMP, Gs can't turn off --> massive diarrhea |
| Vibrio species that cause gastroenteritis syndrome | vulnificus and parahaemolyticus |
| individuals who eat _______ are at higher risk for Vibrio gastroenteritis | raw shellfish |
| natural habitat for Vibrio species | salt water |
| natural habitat for Aeromonas | fresh water |
| distinguishing feature of Aeromonas compared to other fermentative bacteria | oxidase + |
| organism that grows preferentially at 42 deg Celsius (in bird GI tracts) | Campylobacter spp |
| most important causative bacteria of bloody diarrhea in the US | Campylobacter jejuni |
| most common cause of CAP in the immunocompromised (CF, HIV/AIDS) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Pseudomonas' ability to live in tap water makes it successful at causing which infections? | swimmer's ear (otitis externa) cutaneous rash illness from being in hot tubs |
| cause of wound infections in soldiers in Iraq | Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (baumanii) |
| multiple drug-resistant oxidase positive GN coccobacillus that causes nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated pts | Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (baumanii) |
| Moraxella catarrhalis is resistant largely to _______ | PCN |
| factors absolutely required for Haemophilus growth on agar plates | increased CO2, heme and NAD |
| Haemophilus ducreyi is an STD that causes | chancroids on genitalia |
| 3 toxins produced by Bordetella pertussis | pertussis toxin, adenylyl cyclase, tracheal cytotoxin |
| 2 species in Bordetella that cause whooping cough-like syndromes | B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica |
| Brucella reaches humans how? | ingestion of food like unpasteurized cheese, zoonosis |
| most common causative organism of meningitis in young adults or anyone in close quarters | Neisseria meningitidis |
| 2 common virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoae | pillin, lipooligosaccharide |
| areas where anaerobes predominate | GI tract, mouth, skin, sweat glands, hair follicles |
| Neisseria gonorrhoae ferments ______ for energy | glucose only |
| Neisseria meningitidis ferments ______ for energy | maltose and glucose |
Created by:
sirprakes
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