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Holt US Gov ch.11-18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How long can supreme court justices serve | life |
| How does congress check the court's power | rejecting judicial appointments |
| The principle of judicial review, which gives the court the power to decide if laws are constitutional, was established under Chief Justice _____. | John Marshall |
| loose constructionists | people who consider social conditions in interpreting the Constitution |
| district courts | federal trial courts in which judges and often juries hear and decide cases |
| federal judges must be nominated by the executive branch and confirmed by the _____. | senate |
| _______ _______ better insures that the rights of the minority are protected | judicial activism |
| according to the constitutions, the lower federal courts have the authority to | administer and interpret the law |
| the lower courts consist of what two courts? | district and appeals |
| circuit | a large judicial district |
| What are the three roles of the lower federal courts? | set precedents, resolve disputes, and interpret the law |
| Who sets the number of supreme court justices? | congress |
| Who selects federal justices? | presidential nomination and senate majority approval |
| Where was common law first developed? | England |
| What is the legal process after arrest? | initial court appearance, preliminary hearing, indictment, arraignment, jury selection, t rial, verdict, sentencing |
| What is administrative law? | the rules and regulations that government agencies use to carry out statutory law, and the procedures through which those rules and regulations are created and practiced. |
| What is the meaning of arraignment? | a court hearing in which the defendant is formally charged with a crime and enters a plea |
| What is parole? | the release of a prisoner before he or she has served full sentence |
| plea bargain | an agreement negotiated between the prosecutor and the defendant and his or her attorney to avoid the time, expense, and uncertain outcome of the trial |
| peremptory challenge | lawyer's right to dismiss a juror without reason |
| indictment | formal document issued by a grand jury that names and charges an individual with a violation of criminal law |
| the supreme court ruling in NAACP v. Alabama guaranteed | the right to freedom of association |
| to be libelous, a false statement about a public official must show evidence of _____. | malice |
| Where does the Supreme Court allow restricting the freedom of expression? | commercial advertising |
| What are the three criteria for the Lemon Test? | 1. non-religious purpose 2. neither advance nor limit religion 3. not result in excessive gov. involvement in religion |
| prior restraint | gov. requirement to approve publications --- restricted by 1st amendment |
| when do boundaries on the media's rights exist? | during trials |
| What is the test used to determine if an expression is seditious? | the clear and present danger test |
| procedural due process | the law must be applied fairly and evenly to all people using established rule and procedures |
| habeas corpus | must have a reason for being in jail -- can be suspended in times of rebellion and invasion |
| bill of attainder | a law that convicts people of a crime and punishes them without trial |
| de jure segregation | segregation enforced by law |
| de facto segregation | segregation that exists because of social and economic factors/conditions |
| What banned segregation in public places | 1964 Civil Rights Act |
| Before the Civil War, the Whigs were replaced by what political party? | the republican party |
| party machine | an organized group of individuals who dominate a political party within a geographic area and who use the party's resources to further their own power and to fight off challenges from other party members for party control |
| many countries that have one-party systems are ______. | dictatorships |
| poll tax | money paid to cast a ballot |
| Besides primaries, what are the two types of elections? | general and special |
| Nominations for congress occur through _____ ______ | direct primaries |
| how do states borrow money? | issuing bonds |
| why do states try to keep taxes low? | to tempt companies to locate operations in their state |
| what basic goods do most states exclude from sales tax? | prescription medicine and food |
| What are the main sources of state revenue? | state taxes, state fees, borrowing, and funds from lotteries and gambling |
| A state government's power is divided among the | judicial, legislative, and executive branches |
| splinter party | political party created when a group that is unhappy with the candidate of a major party breaks off |
| patronage | the practice of elected officials rewarding political supporters with government contracts, appointments to office, jobs, and other benefits |
| realignment | switching party loyalties |
Created by:
kaylenfalse
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