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MK Histology
Cell Biology (PREMATRIC)
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The Cell | -Basic structural & functional unit of the body -Performs respiration, digestion, reproduction, excretion, & movement -the structure is highly organized. -most cells share common features (differences in features are related to cell's specific function |
Endosomes | -are the result of endocytosis -transport of endocytosed (engulfed) material -membrane bound vesicle -early endosomes sort and recycle proteins -late endosomes form lysosomes (biogenesis) |
Lysosomes | -digestion -specialized membrane resists being digested by 4.5 pH inside. |
Perioxisomes | oxidative digestion |
Plasmalemma | -selective barrier -cell signaling |
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | bind ribosomes for protein synthesis and modification |
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | lipid and steroid metabolism |
Golgi | Protein modification, sort and packaging |
Mitochondria | aerobic energy supply |
Cytoskeletal elements | -motility -adhesion -extra & intracellular transport -cell division |
Lipid droplets | storage of fatty acids |
Nucleus | -storage & use of genome -Cellular regulation: houses genetic material, which directs all cellular activities, & regulates cellular structure -Production: produces ribosomal subunits in nucleolus and exports them into cytoplasm for assembly into ribosom |
Plasma Membrane | 1. selective barrier 2. structural integrity 3. cell-cell recognition |
Ways to transport of small molecules across the plasma membrane | 1. Diffusion 2. Carrier proteins (active or passive) 3. Channel proteins (ion selective, downhill gradient) |
Endocytosis | engulfing a particle 1. pinocytosis (drinking) 2. phagocytosis (eating) 3. receptor-mediated endocytosis |
Exocytosis | -constitutive pathway (cell makes a product and immediately releases it) -regulated secretory pathway |
Cytoskeletal elements | 1. microtubules 2. actin filaments 3. intermediate filaments |
Microtubules | -intracellular transport -mitotic spindle (miosis/mitosis) -cilia and flagella |
Actin filaments | -anchorage -microvilli -locomotion -cell processes |
Intermediate filaments | -cell to cell junctions -cell to extracellular material junctions |