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U.S. History Gov Voc
U.S. History Gov II Final Exam Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trench Warfare | military operations in which the opposing forces attack or counterattack from systems of fortified ditches rather than on an open battlefield. |
| Nationalism | a devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation. |
| Allies | 1. in WWI, the group of nations (Great Britain, France, Russia, U.S., Italy) that opposed the Central Powers. 2. In WWII, the group of nations (Great Britain, Soviet Union, and the U.S.) that opposed the Axis Powers. |
| Propaganda | a kind of biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions. |
| Zimmermann Note | a message sent in 1917 by the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in help Mexico regains Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona if the United States entered World War I. |
| Central Power | the group of nations (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire) that opposed the Allies in World War I. |
| Credit | an arrangement in which a buyer pays later for a purchase, often on an installment plan with interest charges. |
| Dow Jones Industrial Average | a measu based on the prices of the stocks of 30 large companies, widely used as a barometer of the stock market's health. |
| Speculation | an involvement in risky business transactions in an effort to make a quick or large profit. |
| Buying on Margin | the purchasing of stocks by paying only a small percentage of the price and borrowing the rest. |
| Black Tuesday | a name given to October 29, 1929, when the stock prices fell sharply. |
| League of Nations | an association of nations established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. |
| Fourteen Points | the princeples making up President Woodrow Wilson's plan for world peace following WWI. |
| Draft | required enrollment in the armed services. |
| Dove | Pro-peace/ anti-war |
| Hawk | Pro-war/ anti-peace |
| War Powers Act (WPA) | an act that forbids the president for mobilizing troops without congressional approval. A law enacted in 1973, limiting a president's right to send troops into battle without consulting Congress. |
| Geneva Accords | a 1945 peace aggrement that divided Vietnam into Communist-controlled North Vietnam and non-communist South Vietnam until unification elections could be held in 1956. |
| Militarism | the policy of building up armed forces in aggressive preparedness for war and their use as a tool of diplomacy. |
| Reparations | the compensation paid by a defeated nation for the damage or injury it inflicted during a war. |
| Treaty of Versailles | the 1919 peace treaty at the end of WWI which established new nations, borders and war reparations. |
| Armistice | a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat in 1915. |
| Great Depression | a period, lasting from 1929 to 1940, in which the U.S. economy was in severe decline and millions of Americans were unemployed. |
| Dust Bowl | the region, including Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico, that was made worthless for farming by drought and dust storms during the 1930s. |
| Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act | a law, enacted in 1930, that established the highest protective tariff in U.S. history, worsening the depression in America and aboard. |
| Holocaust | the systematic murder-or genocide-of Jews and other groups in Europe by the Nazis before and during WWII. |
| Direct Relief | the giving of money or food by the government directly to needey people. |
| Boulder Dam | a dam on the Colorado Rever-now called Hoover Dam-that was built during the Great Depression as part of a public-works program intended to stimulate business and provide jobs. |
| Ghetto | a city neighborhood in which a certain minority group is pressured or forced to live. |
| Lend-lease Act | a law, passed in 1941, which allowed the U.S. to ship arms and other supplies, without immediate payment, to nations fighting the Axis powers. |
| Concentration Camp | a prison camp operated by Nazi Germany in which Jews and other groups considered to be enemies of Adolf Hitler were starved while doing slave labor or were murdered. |
| D-Day | a name given to June 6, 1944-the day on which the Allies launched an invasion of the European mainland during WWII. |
| Battle of Bulge | a mouth-long battle of WWII, in which the Allies succeeded in turning back the last major German offensive of the war. |
| Cold War | the state of hostility, without direct military conflict, that developed between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after WWII. |
| Containment | the blocking of another nation's attempts to spread its influence-especially the efforts of the U.S. to block the spread of Soviet influence during the late 1940s and early 1950s. |
| Vietminh | an organization of Vietnamese Communists and other groups that between 1946 and 1954 fought for Vietnameses independence from the French. |
| Vietcong | the South Vietnamese Communists, who, with North Vietnamese support, fought against the government of South Vietnam in the Vietnam War. |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | heir to the Austrian throne, assassinated by Gavrilo Princip. |
| Georges Clemenceau | the French premier who had lived through two German invasions of France and was determined to prevent future invasions. |
| Hiroshima | an important Japanese military center that was bombed by the first bomb. |
| Nagasaki | the Japanese city that was bombed by the second bomb. |
| Herberg Hoover | secretary of commerce under Harding and Coolidge, a mining engineer from Iowa who had never run for public office. Points to years of prosperity under Republican administrations since 1920. |
| Ho Chi Minh | a Vietnamese patriot named Nguyen That Thanh desired to break Vietnam away from France. He arrived in Paris to speak with the powerful men negotiating the terms of peace. |
| Senator Gerald Nye | North Dakota senator that held hearing on public outrage led to the creation of congressional commitee. The Nye committee fueled the controversy by documenting the large profits that banks and manufactores made during the war. |
| Ngo Dinh Diem | South Vietnam's president, a strong anti-Communist, refused to take part in the countrywide election of 1956. |
| Lusitania | a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-boat in 1915. |
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