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PEOPLE!
The entire "people" section of Mrs. Doherty's abusive History Final
| Person | Who? |
|---|---|
| Charles Sumner | US politician. US Senator from Massachusetts (1851-1874) Staunch opponent of slavery in Senate; Radical Republican demanding harsh treatment of the South after the Civil War. Instrumental in Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial (1868). |
| Sitting Bull | Sioux leader. Led the Sioux Confederacy that defeated Custer in 1876 at the Battle of Litte Big Horn. |
| Chief Joseph | Chief of the Nez Perce Indians, took followers on a 1600-mile trek to Canada to avoid capture by US forces and resettlement on reservation(1877). They were captured 30 miles from the Canadian border and sent to reservation in Oklahoma(1878). |
| Lieutenant George Custer | Led 264 US troops into battle against 2500 Sioux and Cheyanne at Little Big Horn. He and all of his men were overcome by the numbers of Sioux; the battle became known as Custer's last stand. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Invented the telephone in 1876. It was featured at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876. |
| Thomas Alva Edison | US inventor. Invented the phonograph (1877) and the incandescent light bulb (1879). His research laboratories invented or made improvements to products such as the storage battry, mimeograph, and electronic locomotive. |
| Eli Whitney | US inventor. Designed the Cotton Gin in 1793 and later devised a sytem of manufacturing based on interchangable parts. |
| JP Morgan | US investment banker. Established leading banking house (1877). Played an important role in reorganization of US railroads (1885). Helped reorganize US Steel Corporation (1901). |
| Andrew Carnegie | A captain of the steel industry. A strong supporter of the Gospel of Wealth theory. |
| John D. Rockefeller | A captain of the oil industry (I'm sorry this definition sucks so much...) |
| Adam Smith | Wrote "The Wealth of Nations" in 1776, created the "invisible hand" theory that the market was controlled by individual choices, and that if people were free to act in their own self-interest the econommy would meet the general needs of society. |
| Jane Addams | American social workeer who founded the Hull House settlement house in chicago (1889). Named chairman of the Woman's Peace Party and president of the International Congress of Women at the Hague (1915). Shared Nobel Peace Prize (1931). |
| Margaret Sanger | Worked to make birth control more publically available. A nurse, she was arrested in 1916 for running a birth control clinic. She formed a lobbying group in 1942 that later became the Planned Parenthood Federation. |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | US feminist reformer. Women's rights leader from 1848 to 1902. Organized Seneca Falls Convention (1848). A founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association (1869). |
| Susan B. Anthony | US feminist. Major figure in the Women's Rights Movement from 1850 to 1906. Organized conventions and campaigns for petitions, raised money, and organized the National Woman Suffrage Association (1869) and served as its president. |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | US Feminist. In 1900, she took over leadership of the National Woman Suffrage Association. Helped secure pasage of the 19th ammendment. |
| Upton Sinclair | Wrote "The Jungle" in 1906 about Chicago's meat-packing industry. A strong socialist, Sinclair had intended to expose working conditions under capitalism and fight for socialism, but instead drew attention to the unsanitary conditions of the public's food |
| Ida Tarbell | A muckraker who wrote an expose on John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust. |
| Jacob Riis | Wrote "How the Other Half Lives" in 1890 about tenements. His books helped win reforms for housing for the poor. |
| Robert LaFollette | Governor of Wisconsin & Senator. As governor he established direct primary system for nominating political candidates, instituted tax reform, & supported laws aagainst corruption. Opposed Wilson's foreign policy & participation in the League of Nations. |
| William Jennings Bryan | Democratic Party leader. Lost 1896 presidential election to McKinley. As secretary of state he followed a policy of strict neutrality after WWI began. He Prosecuted John Scopes in 1925 for teaching evolution in school. |
| Samual Gompers | US labor leader. Formed American Federation of Labor in 1886 and served as its president. He stressed higher wages, fewer hours, and increased safety on the job. |
| Eugene Debs | US socialist labor leader. Helped organize American Railway Union. Jailed during pullman strike. Founded American Socialist Party. Ran for president as a member of the socialist party multiple times. |
| Mary Harris Jones ("Mother Jones") | Irish immigrant. Devoted herself to the US labor movement. Led demonstrations, fought against child labor, and organized women to support strikes. |
| Booker T. Washington | African American educator. Headed Tuskgeee Normal ind Industrial Institute (1881). In 1895 gave his "Atlanta Compromise" speech in which he pushed interracial cooperation and said that the fulfillment of goals lay in self-improvement. |
| W.E.B. DuBois | US writer and reformer. Helped launch the Niagra Movement for Equality. Helped create the |
| Marcus Garvey | Jamaican Immigrant. Organized the Negro Imporvement Association (1914), founded the Harlem branch in 1916. Goals were to instill black pride and acquire economic power for African Americans. Led the unsuccessful "Back to Africa" movement. |
| Thomas Nast | Influencial American political cartoonist. his most famous cartoons were drawn in 1871 and attacked William Tweed and the Tweed Ring. |
| William Marcy Tweed ("Boss" Tweed) | Along with accomplices in Tammany Hall, he led NYC's notorious Tweed Ring, most famous for graft and corruption. They imbezzled anywhere from $75-$200 million before Tweed's arrest in 1871. |
| Matthew Perry | US Commodore who negotiated with Japan in 1854 to open Japanese ports to US commerce. |
| Alfred Thayer Mahan | Wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History" in 1890. Argued for a strong navy, naval bases, and colonial possessions. Had an impact on expansionists T. Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge, and Albert Beveridge. |
| John Hay | Secretary of State for McKinley and Roosevelt administrations. Proposed Open Door Policy in China. Negotiated Hay-Paunceforte Treaty with Britain (1901), which allowed the construction of the Panama Canal. |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | Served in Congress and Senate. Helped draft Sherman Antitrust Act and Pure Food and Drug Act. Supported imperialist foreign policy and strong navy. Opposed Treaty of Versailles and US membership in the League of Nations. |
| Liliukolani | Queen of Hawaii (1891-1893). Led "Hawaii for the Hawaiians" movement in attemp to end US control of the islands, but was overthrown by American planters and the Marines. President Cleveland was oppoed to this, but couldn't restore the Queen her throne. |
| Jose Marti | Cuban Revolutionary, poet, and journalist. Exiled twice by the Spanish-controlled Cuban government for insurgency. Lived in the US during his 2nd exile and gained support for Cuban independence. Returned to Cuba in 1895 to fight and was killed in battle. |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | Leader of Philippine Independence Movement against US rule. After his capture in 1901 he swore allegiance to the US and helped pacify the Philippines. |
| William Randolph Hearst | US editor and publisher of newspapers and magazines such as the "Journal," which competed with Joseph Pulitzer's "World." A heated fight for readers between the two led to Yellow Journalism. |
| Joseph Pulitzer | US journalist and newspaper publisher of the "World" in NYC. Competed with William Hearst's "Journal" and resorted to Yellow Journalism in a battle for readers. |
| Clarane Darrow | US trial lawyer. Known for defense of John Scopes in 1925. Also defended Eugene Debs when he was indicted for conspiracy, and Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb when accused of killing Bobby Franks. |
| Al Capone | US Gang leader. Led crime syndicate in Chicago during 1920s. Engineered St. Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago (1929). Arrested in 1931 for income tax evasion. |
| Elliot Ness | Led a team of Justice Department Agents, called "The Untouchables" for their willingness to take bribes. |
| A. Mitchell Palmer | US Attorney general. Authorized "Palmer raids" in which thousands of suspected radicals were rounded up and jailed without regard for their constitutional rights. |
| Joseph McCarthy | Charged in a 1950 speech that over 200 communists were working for the US State Department. Accusations were never proven. He was discredited during televised Senate hearings for claimiing the army was a hotbed of communism. He was censured in 1954. |
| Charles Lindbergh | US aviatior. He was the first person to make a nonstop solo fligth across the atlantic. |
| George Herman Ruth ("Babe" Ruth) | Professional US baseball player. Set many major league records and became the first great homerun hitter in baseball. |
| Henry Ford | US industrialist. Organized Ford Motor Company (1903), and produced the Model T Ford (1908). Made automobiles affordable for average Americans by using methods of mass production and assembly lines. |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | US novelist and chronicler of the "lost generation." Books inlcude "This Side of Paradise" and "The Great Gatsby." |
| Langston Hughes | US author was part of the Harlem Reneissance of the 1920s. His works expressed pride of African Americans in their own history and culture, including "Weary Blues" and "Shakespeare in Harlem." |
| Huey Long ("The King Fish") | Louisiana Senator. Organished "Share Our Wealth" program (1935) which promised every American family a minimum annual income. His Assassination ended a threat to the New Deal of a third candidacy in the 1936 election. |
| Francis Townsend | US Physician and radical critic of the New Deal. Proposed Townsend Act (1934), which called for monthly pensions of $200 for every American over 60. After presenting his plan in a local newspaper, he developed a national following of about 5 million. |
| Charles Coughlin | Catholic priest from Michigan. Attracted a large following through weekly national radio broadcasts of his sermons, which were extremely anti-Semitic. He was eventually silenced by hierarchy of the Catholic Church. |
| John Steinbeck | US novelist and chronicler of the Great Depression. Given a Nobel Prize for literature in 1962. His works include "The Grapes of Wrath" and "Of Mice and Men" |
| Neville Chamberlain | Prime minister of Britain. Known for foreign policy of appeasement toward Nazi Germany. Participated in the Munich Conferene; upon arriving back he proclaimed he had acieved "peace in our time." |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of Britain. Led Britain as an Ally in WWII. Inspired the British to stand firm against Germany in the Battle of Britain (1940). Wrote "While England Slept" and "The Second World War:" Won Nobel Prize for literature. |
| Charles De Gaulle | French General and political leader. President of France. During WWII, he headed the exiled Free French Government in London. |
| Chiang Kai-Shek | Chinese general and Nationalist leader of China and later, Taiwan. Fought civil war against communist China (1927-1936, 1946-19490. After defeat by Chinese communists, fled to Taiwan (1949) and established a Chinese Nationalist government there. |
| Edward R. Murrow | US broadcast journalist and radio news announcer during WWII. |
| Jesse Owens | US athlete. Track star of 1936 Olympic Games. Captured 4 gold medals during the games and earned the title "The fastest man in the world." eing an African American, his success embarassed Hitler. |
| Douglas MacArthur | US military leader. Ordered by Hoover to clear Washington, DC of the Bonus Army (1932). Appointed commander of Pacific forces in WWII. Named commander of UN forces in Korea (1950). Relieved of command after a dispute with Truman about strategy. |
| George Marshall | Chief Justice of Supreme Court. His decisions were fundamental in strengthening the government. In "Marbury vs. Madison" he established the Court's power of judicial review. |
| Adolph Hitler | German National Socialist leader. Helped found the Nazi Party (1919-1920). Started WWII by invading Poland (1939). Murdered about 6 million Jews and others in concentration camps. Eventually commited suicide (whew.). |
| Benito Mussolini ("Il Duce") | Italian political figure. Organized fascist party (1919) and ruled as Italy's dictator. Signed pact with Hitler's Germany, forging the axis powers. Allied with Germany during WWII. Shot by Italian political opponents. |
| Emporer Hirohito | Emporer of Japan during WWII. releuctantly surrendered to the US in 1945 after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. |
| Hideki Tojo | General and prime minister of Japan. Led Japan into war with the US (1941). Convicted as a war criminal after Japan's surrender and hanged in 1948. |
| Vladimir Lenin | Leader of the socialist communists of Russia (Bolsheviks). Leader of the Russin Revolution. (This is a poor definition...) |
| Joseph Stalin | Soviet political leader. Dictator of Soviet Union. Fought with the Allies in WWII. His harsh policies transformed the USSR into a major industrial and military power. After WWII, he set up communist governments in Eastern Europe. |
| Nikta Khrushchev | Leader of the USSR from 1953-1964. Ordered construction of the Berlin Wall [right?]. Forced to remove missiles from Cuba in 1962. |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Soviet statesman. General secratary of communist party and leader of the USSR from 1985-1991. Responsible for policies of "glasnost" (openness) and "perestroika" (reform). Set up INF arms control traety with Reagan in 1988. |
| Fidel Castro | Became communist ruler of Cuba in 1959. The CIA led many secret invasions in attepmt to overthrow Castro, including the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion. |
| Chairman Mao Zedong | Communist leader in China. Defeated Chinese nationalists and won control of China (1949) in a civil war. Assisted North Korea in the Korean War. |
| Ho Chi Minh | Communist leader of North Vietnam. Educated in Paris and Moscow. Ousted the French from Vietnam. During the 1950s and 60shis government supplied aided rebels in South Vietnam who were trying to ovethrow the anticommunist government there. |
| Niel Armstrong | First man to set foot on the moon (1969). |
| Martin Luther King | Key leader of Civil Rights movement, using nonviolent methods of protest, in the 1950s and 60s. Directed Montgomery Bus Boycott. Formed Southern Christian Leadership Conversation. Helped lead March on Washington. Awarded Nobel Peace Prize. |
| Malcolm X | US Black Muslim minister and political leader. Leader of Black Muslims, a political and religious movement based on black seperatism and black power. Assassinated in New York City. |
| Rosa Parks | African American Civil Rights worker. refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery bus; sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the first major challenge to racial segragation in the US. |
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