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History Final
Chapters 9, 10, and 11
| Topic | Definition |
|---|---|
| Iconoclast movement | against idols |
| Byzantine Empire | Eastern Roman Empire |
| Church of Hagia Sophia | Museum - was once a church & mosque - great arch from Byzantine Empire |
| Constantinople | Capital of Byzantine Empire |
| Justinian | Created the Justinian Code |
| Justinian Code | code of laws |
| Schism | split over icons. creates Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches |
| Ka 'bah | Islamic shrine in Mecca |
| Muhammad | Founder of Islam |
| Allah | God of Islam |
| Qu'ran | Holy book of Islam |
| 5 Pillars of Islam | 1. Alms poor 2. fast Ramadan 3. Confession faith Muham prophet Allah God 4. make hajj to Mecca 5. pray 5 times a day |
| Islam | Religion founded by Muhammad |
| Muslim | follwer of Islam |
| Caliph | Muslim leader has both religious and political power |
| Sunni | 1/2 group after split in Islam over who should lead after Muhammad's death. |
| Shi'ah | 1/2 group after split in Islam over who should lead after Muhammad's death. |
| Mamluks | Nomadic Asian Turks who fought in Muslim armies. |
| Islamic advances | science, math, & medicine |
| Abbasid Caliphate | Golden Age of Muslim civilization - capital in Baghdad. |
| Jihad | Holy war |
| Dome of the Rock | Famous mosque in Jerusalem where Muhammad is said to have ascended to Heaven. |
| Germanic Culture and origins | From Scandinavia, patriarchal, women some power, war-like. |
| Franks | Germanic people and strongest kingdom after the fall of Rome |
| Monasticism | Monks living in Monasteries |
| Clovis | King of Franks who converted to Cathlicism and allied with the church. |
| Donation of Pepin | Land taken by Pepin from Lombards and given to pope for Vatican City |
| Vikings | Barbarians from Scandinavia who raided Europe in their long boats. Target = monasteries. |
| Fief | land given to a vassal |
| Lord | gives land to vassal |
| Vassal | pledge military service for land |
| Feudal system | political system of land for political and military support. |
| Manorialism | Economic system - lord gives land to peasant (serf) for payment, work. |
| Battle of Hastings | William the Conqueror's battle against the English during the Norman Conquest |
| Norman Conquest | William the Conqueror's conquest of England |
| Domesday Book | Survey of all possession by William the Conqueror |
| Common Law | In England, laws common to all in the land. |
| Magna Carta | Limited the power of the king, signed by King John. |
| Parliament | Representative body of Britain |
| Estates General | France's representative government |
| College of Cardinals | select the pope. |
| Crusaders | with red cross on chest, fought Muslims in Holy Land |
| Crusades | Fight to re-take Holy Land. Only the 1st Crusade was sucessful. |
| Urban II | Called for the 1st and only successful Crusade |
| Heresy/heretic | person whose ideas go against the Catholic Church |
| Inquisition | Department of the church that investigated heresy |
| Richard the Lion Heart | King of England, fought 3rd Crusade, failed to take Jerusalem |
| Three-field system | farming improvement - plant 2/3 of field, 1/3 fallow |
| Chivalry | knights lived by this code to fight fair and protect women, children & clergy |
| Curriculum | course of study |
| Battle of Tours | Carles Martel stops Muslims in W. Europe |
| Charlemagne | Unified Franks & emphasized education during the early Middle Ages |
| Roman Catholic Church | unified people during Middle Ages |
| Excommunication | Put out of the Roman Catholic church |
| Henry II | established court system in England |
| Fredrick Barbarossa | feudal territories, try capture Italian cities, lost Battle Legano |
| Thomas Acquinas | argued both reason and faith can be used to solve moral question |
| Magna Carta | Limited the power of monarchy, no raise tax without nobles, follow law, etc. |
| Gothic Architecture | architecture of the Middle Ages with high ceilings, space, windows. |
| Catholic Church | unified people, gave strength during the Middle Ages |
| serf | peasant tied to land often for entire life. |
| flagellants | those that beat themselves with sticks & whips during the Black Death |
| Joan of Arc | French girl, inspired by God to lead the French over English 100 year war. |
| Orleans | Famous battle won by Joan of Arc in Hundred Year's War |
| War of the Roses | Civil War in England between Houses Lancaster/York over who will be king |
| Sovereign Power | absolute power |
| Great schism | split in church between France & Rome: 2 popes, one in each area |
| Black Death | cause and effect. By fleas from rats - killed 1/3 population Europe, 35 million Asia |
| Middle class | Revolted against nobles in Middle Ages and supported the king |
| Hundred Years War | Started by England's Edward II who claimed the French throne |
| Simony | buying and selling of church offices |
| Religions | Judaism, Christianity & Islam |
| Economics | study of goods and service production, money |
| Social history | how groups get together, rules of behavior, and look at families, religion, education, and factors of life. |
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