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Chapter 13 President
Government in America
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 22nd Amendment | Limits presidents to two terms or ten years |
| Impeachment | The political equivalent of an indictment for removing a discredited president |
| The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court | Presides when a president is being tried |
| 25th Amendment | Clears up the vagueness about presidential disability & succession. VP becomes acting president if the VP and cabinet determine the president is disabled. Explains how to select new VP is office becomes vacant.(President nominates, Congress must approve) |
| Order of succession | Vice President, Speaker of the House, President pro tempore, the cabinet in chronological order according to when the department was created |
| Powers derived from the Constitution: National Security Powers | Commander-in-chief Make treaties with other nations & nominate ambassadors (subject to Senate approval) Give diplomatic recognition on other governments |
| Powers derived from the Constitution: Legislative Powers | Give State of the Union Recommend legislation to Congress Veto Legislation (Congress may overrule with a 2/3rds vote) |
| Powers derived from the Constitution: Administrative Powers | "Take care that the laws be faithfully executed" Appoint officials with the agreement of a majority of the Senate |
| Powers derived from the Constitution: Judicial Powers | Grant reprieves & pardons for federal offenses (except impeachment) Appoint federal judges with the agreement of a majority of the Senate |
| Budgeting and Accounting Act of 1921 | Gave Presidents the power to recommend agency budgets to Congress |
| The Cabinet | NOT in the Constitution. Started by George Washington, his consisted of state, treasury, war & an attorney general. Congress creates new executive departments. Currently there are 14 secretaries & an attorney general |
| Executive Office of the President | Includes 3 major policy-making bodies--the National Security Council, the Council of Economic Advisors, the Office of Management and Budget |
| National Security Council (NSC) | Provides the President with information & policy recommendations on national security & monitor the implementation of security policy. |
| Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) | Has 3 members, appointed by the President. They help the President make policy on inflation, unemployment, & other economic matters. |
| Office of Management & Budget (OMB) | Prepares the president's budget |
| White House Staff | Key aides the President sees daily (chief of staff, press secretary, national security advisor, & a few other advisors) Think the West Wing |
| Chief Legislator | Term used to emphasize the president's importance in the legislative process |
| State of the Union | Constitutional requirement that the President report to Congress every year |
| Pocket Veto | If the President does nothing with a bill sent to him for 10 working days while Congress is still in session it becomes law without his signature. If Congress adjourns within 10 days after submitting a bill, the bill dies without his signaure. |
| Presidential Coattails | Refers to voters casting their ballots for congressional candidates of the president's party because those candidates support the president. Doesn't hold true in practice typically. |
| Midterm Elections | Held between presidential elections--the president's party typically loses seats |
| Electoral Mandate | The perception that the voters strongly support the president's character and policies--can be a powerful symbol. It accords added legitimacy and credibility to the newly elected president's proposals. |
| Executive Agreement | An agreement between the President and another Head of State. Has the same weight as a law. |
| Executive Order | a formal instruction by the president that has the same force of law until the president or successor retracts it, Congress nullifies it, or federal courts rule against |
| Executive Privilege | An implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary |
| "Take care" clause | part of the Constitution that gives president assertions of implicit authority to issue executive orders; "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed" |
| Presidential Style | image projected by the president that represents how he would like to be perceived at home and abroad |
| Gag order | presidential order barring workers of the Executive Branch from providing information to Congress without authority from department heads |
| Central clearance | any information from Executive Branch employees that may affect future budgets must first be cleared through the OMB before being brought to Congress |
| White House Chief of Staff | highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President. The U.S. President's Chief of Staff is a very powerful position, sometimes dubbed "The Second-Most Powerful Man in Washington" aka Leo |
| Veto power | Constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of Congress, thus preventing their becoming a law without further congressional action |
| Line-item veto | The authority of a chief executive to delete part of a bill passed by the legislature that involves taxing or spending; declared unconstitutional in Clinton v. New York |
| War Powers Act | The president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal) |
| Special Session | convening of Congress called by the President or a majority of the members, at a time other than during a regular session. Typically, special sessions of Congress are called for the purpose of addressing a specific state problem or issue |
| Legislative liaison | executive personnel who work with members of Congress to secure their support in getting a president's legislation passed |
| Political Horsetrading | negotiation accompanied by mutual concessions and shrewd bargaining |
| Proclamation | formal declaration or public announcement giving notice of a governmental act that has been done or is to be done |
| Pardon | An executive grant providing restoration of all rights and privileges of citizenship to a specific individual charged or convicted of a crime |
| Inherent powers | Powers that belong to the national government simply because it is a sovereign state |
| Cycle effect | the predictable rise and fall of a president's popularity at different stages of a term in office |
| Honeymoon Period | the time following an election when a president's popularity is high and congressional relations are likely to be productive |
| Emolument | All wages, benefits or other benefits received as compensation for holding an office or employment |
| Oath/Affirmation | a notarial act or part of a notarial act in which a person made a vow in the presence of the Notary under penalty of perjury, with reference to a supreme being in the case of an oath |
| Lame Duck | an elected official who loses political power as a result of a term limit which keeps him from running for that particular office again, losing an election, or the elimination of the official's office, but who continues to hold office |
| Reprieve | postpone the punishment of a convicted criminal, such as an execution |
| Senatorial courtesy | This gives senators from the president’s party a virtual veto over appointments to positions, including judicial appointments, in their states |
| Head of state | The official representative of a country, the person whose office symbolizes the collective unity and identity of the nation |
| Power to persuade | the president’s informal power to gain support by dispensing favors and penalties and by using the prestige of the office |
| Divided government | Dividing authority between the executive and legislative branches and providing that members of each would be elected in different ways and for different terms |
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