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Funeral History QIII
Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of past events and cultures and their influence on present conditions, usually through the use of written records | history |
| the study of certain beliefs and cultures relating to funeral service | history of funeral service |
| an object made by design | artifact |
| artifacts buried with the deceased | grave goods |
| universal beliefs by all cultures (5) | survival after death, careful and reverent care for the deceased, physical separation of the dead from the living, ambivalent feelings of love, respect, and fear for the dead, distinctions based on social class or wealth |
| in Egyptian culture, the direction which was the abode of the dead | west |
| a city of the dead | necropolis |
| a system of beliefs, ceremonies, and images regarding Osiris as the Judge of the Underworld | cult of Osiris |
| the Egyptian god of embalming | Anubis |
| the Egyptian belief of the soul which came and went from the tomb and the body | Ba |
| the Egyptian belief of the impersonal life force which left the body at death, if the body decomposes, this part also ceased to exist | Ka |
| the text which would guide a deceased on their way to the Hall of Judgment | Book of the Dead |
| original Egyptian mummification and burial | directly in the sand |
| second form of Egyptian burial, for a richer class of people only | mastaba |
| mastaba means | bench |
| Egyptian embalming took place at the peak of which kingdom? | new kingdom |
| naturally available salts in Egyptian landscape, used as primary preservation chemical in mummification | natron |
| historian who recorded the mummification process | Herodotus |
| head priest of embalming who wore the mask of Anubis | kher-heb |
| the preparation room, located on the west bank of the NIle | wabt |
| viscera would be embalmed separately from the body in Egyptian mummification, true or false? | true |
| the internal organs of an Egyptian deceased would be placed in what? | canopic jars |
| Egyptian coffins placed in these outer stone containers | sarcophagi |
| sarcophagus means | flesh eater/flesh swallower |
| tomb type which was cut into the rock, means underneath the earth | hypogea |
| tomb type which was a courtyard with tomb chambers all around it, aka "row tomb" | saff tomb |
| Egyptian action figures placed in the tomb, which would come to life to serve the deceased | ushabtis |
| the first culture to devise a method to preserve the dead | Egyptian |
| culture which first established coffin, OBCs, entombment, funeral banquet, floral tributes, and funeral vehicles | Egyptian |
| one of the river boundaries of Hades | Styx |
| the ferryman who would take deceased across the River Styx | Charon |
| you pay Charon this sum of money to take you across the river | obol |
| in Hades, sent to this place if you particularly offended a god | Tartarus |
| in Hades, the union of the soul with the gods, sent here if you pleased a god (sexually) or if you were physically attractive | Elysian Fields |
| Greek cult which revered the physical reunion with the gods, and the ascent into the afterlife | cult of Dionysus |
| Greek cult which revered fertility and the goddess of growth | cult of Demeter |
| Greek religions hidden from all except members, secret ceremonies | mystery religions |
| first culture to introduce cremation | Greek |
| why was cremation popular in Greek culture: because of belief or geography? | geography |
| how long was an ancient Greek visitation | two days |
| Greek tomb: monolith-square, rectangular with a round set piece scene of mourners or a portrait | stela |
| Greek tomb: round columns with bust or statue on top | kiones |
| Greek tomb: box like container, hollow inside for urn placement with inscription around the box | trapazae |
| Greek tomb: decorated to look like a miniature Greek temple | naidia |
| Roman belief that at death the life force left the body but hung around where the body was buried | animism |
| Roman group who had a fear of death, no belief in the survival of the soul after death | Epicureans |
| did Romans ever bury within city walls? | no |
| Roman underground tunnels around the city in the valleys for burial | catacombs |
| comes from the Greek meaning reed basket | coffin |
| Roman father of the modern secular FD | Libitudinarious |
| Roman person who did a low form of embalming, low in status | Pollinctor |
| Roman general assistant who organized the funeral procession | Designator |
| Roman announcer of the funeral on the streets | Praeco |
| Roman hired women to mourn | Conclamatus mortis |
| Roman torchlight processions | funeralis |
| Roman laudation at the site of burial | eulogy |
| after Constantine, laws against luxurious funerals, and how much you could spend | sumptuary laws |
| after Constantine, what group took over who was buried and how? | the church |
| when did Constantine take rule of Roman empire? | 4th century |
| the Hebrew shadowy underworld | Sheol |
| Christian belief body is recreated at some point as new and improved | resurrection |
| Christian belief that this is a temporary state, a sleep in peace until resurrection | death |
| before the Black Plague, Christians buried | in churchyard cemeteries |
| pandemic in the 1300s which reduced European population by one half | Black Plague |
| early Christian: pay a fee each year to ensure a decent burial | Poor Soul's Guild |
| early Christian: pay a fee for masses in deceased name and repose for | perpetuity |
| person in charge of a cemetery, an officer of the Christian church, custodian of church property | sexton |
| wax cloth wrapped around the medieval Christian body, elaborate ways of tying knots perhaps to indicate social class | cere cloth |
| became an organized and powerful group of people with strict domain over the right o embalm | barber-surgeons |
| in Mediterranean culture, who washes the body and cleans the bones? | women |
| who were the first to institute cremation? | Greeks |
| when did wooden coffins become popular? | 18th century |
| what two groups DID NOT cremate? | Egyptians and Hebrews |
| culture to first have secular funeral director | Romans |
| which religious group always emphasizes strict simplicity in burial | Christians |
| Scandinavian culture is best known for sending their deceased out on | boats |
Created by:
amyziolkowski
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