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Texas History Final
Weiss spring 2011
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were the outcomes/results of the Treaty of Velasco | Mexican leaders did not recognize Treaty of Velasco; Rio Grande not recognized as border; TX not recognized as independent |
| What were Sam Houston’s policies concerning annexation, American Indians, and debt. | Favored Texas joining the United States; peace with Indians; Tried to save money and avoid debt; Tried to get MX to recognize Texas independence |
| Know Mirabeau Lamar’s policies concerning annexation, American Indians, and debt. | Opposed / Against U.S. annexation; Wanted to remove TX Indians from the land so that settlers could buy the land; Waged war with the Indians; Spent Money and increased debt |
| What were the three main obstacles for Texas to be annexed into the United States. | Too much debt; Potential war with Mexico; coming in as a slave state |
| What day was Texas annexed to the United States and was it a free or slave state? | December 29, 1945, as a slave state |
| Define Manifest Destiny | The belief that the U.S. should fill the land from the east coast to the west coast. Lamar wanted to expand TX to the west coast (Pacific Ocean) |
| What land did the Compromise of 1850 settle? Who got the land | Settled the border between Texas and New Mexico. New Mexico got the western portion of TX. In exchange for 15 Million dollars. |
| What were the outcomes of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo for both Mexico and the U.S. | recognized the annexation of TX to the U.S.; recognized the Rio Grande as the border; agreed to give the Mexican Cession land area to the U.S. |
| What principals of government did the Texas Constitution borrow from the United States? | Popular sovereignty, separation of powers, 3 Branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial) |
| Define civil war | A war fought between the same country. |
| What caused the Civil War? | Slavery, sectionalism, State’s rights |
| What was the Dred Scott decision? | African Americans weren’t citizens and therefore couldn’t sue in court; also ruled Congress couldn’t ban slavery in any U.S. territory |
| What were the advantages of the North? | Had an establish military; more railroads for transportation; larger population; factories to make goods; established government to conduct war; strong navy to control waterways |
| What were the advantages of the South? | Fought mostly on ‘home turf’; strong military leaders; experienced horse riders and use with firearms |
| What was the North's economy like? | Industrial economy – factories to make goods and businesses to run the economy and move money |
| What kind of economy did the South have? | Agricultural – farming, wanted slaves for this labor |
| Which battle marked the beginning of the Civil War? Know that date. | Fort Sumter; April 12, 1861 |
| What was the North’s plan called? What were the 3 elements of the plan? | The Anaconda Plan; they wanted to cut the South in half (Mississippi River); a naval blockade of all southern ports, and capture the South’s capital (Richmond); this would strangle the life just like a snake |
| South’s strategy: What was cotton diplomacy? Did it work? | Cotton diplomacy -trade huge amounts of cotton to Europe and this would draw Europe into the war in their favor. |
| What was the battle of Galveston? | purpose was to cut down South’s ability to trade with Mexico. |
| What was important about the Battle of Palmito Ranch? | war was already over when this battle occurred, and is regarded as a forgotten battle |
| How did the government help freed people after the war? | the 13th Amendment that abolished slavery; created the Freedman’s Bureau to provide aid to former slaves |
| Define Black Codes, Segregation and Jim Crow Laws. | Black codes - laws passed to limit/deny freedoms for African Americans Segregation – forced separation of white and African Americans in public Jim Crow Laws – laws passed in southern states to enforce segregation |
| Know the 5 steps to be readmitted to the United States. | 1. Loyalty oaths 3. States create a provisional government 4. New governor and legislature had to be elected and these legislatures had to ratify 13th Amendment 5. State’s representatives had to be seated in Congress |
| 13TH Amendment | abolished slavery |
| 14th Amendment | guaranteed citizenship and equal rights to African Americans |
| 15th Amendment | granted suffrage (voting rights) to African American men |
| What were the effects of Reconstruction on Texas? | Led to Democratic one-party rule; reduced African-American political participation; limited governments; planters were restored to power; rise in tenant farming; African Americans lost many civil rights through segregation and Jim Crow Laws |
| What happened to the buffalo on the plains? | They were hunted nearly to extinction. |
| Why was the extermination of the buffalo encouraged? | It was encouraged because by killing the buffalo the government and many settles hoped this would force the American Indians on to the reservations. |
| Name three problems for American Indians while on the reservations. | The main challenge for the tribes was giving up their traditions and customs. They would no longer be hunters of buffalo, but now they would be farmers, poor land, not understanding farming techniques, starvation, and the outlawing of tribal celebrations. |
| Describe how the cattle industry developed in TX prior to and after the Civil War. | 1. The Spanish move their herds north into TX. 2. US settlers arrive in TX with their cattle 3. Longhorns are bred from the different types of cattle and appear in TX |
| Why were Texas longhorns well suited for the Texas climate? | 1. Long legs 2. Needed less water and grass 3. Big horns protect from predators 4. Resistant to Texas Fever |
| What was the purpose of the cattle drives in TX? | To move cattle up north to where they could be transported to stockyards allowing ranchers to make money |
| What happened with the introduction of windmills? | Access to water so that land in dry areas could grow farms |
| What caused the decline of the Cattle Kingdom? | Expansion of sheep farming; invention of barbed wire; extension of railroad lines; overgrazing of land; introduction of windmills and expansion of farming onto the plains; stronger laws in northern states against Texas fever. |
| What connected cities in the Midwest to cities in the Northeast? | Transcontinental railroad |
| How did railroads help Texans? How did it help TX farmers? | Promised cheap, fast, and reliable transportation. Shipping by railroads was 50% cheaper compared to wagons. |
| What were the causes and effects of the Railroad Boom? | Causes: Demand for transportation; funding of railroads and land-grant policy; growth of agriculture and industry; promise of new business. Effects: Settlement of West Texas; new cities along railroads; expansion of commercial agriculture; new jobs. |
| What happened at Spindletop? | Anthony Lucas began drilling near Spindletop salt dome in June 1900. On January 10, 1901, Lucas discovered one of the largest oil strikes in history. Over 800,000 barrels of oil gushed out of the well before capping it. |
| Describe the effects of the oil industry in TX. | New people and new industries came to Texas overnight. Gasoline, an oil by-product, helped fuel the new engine, increasing the manufacturing of autos. |
| Define Emancipation Proclamation | President Abraham Lincoln’s declaration of freedom for slaves in areas rebelling against the United States. |
| cotton gin | Device invented by Eli Whitney that separates cotton fibers from seeds. |
| secede | To formally withdraw from an organized body. |
| urban | An area that has a high population density. The population of the city largely works in a variety of areas (business, education, medical, etc…) |
| rural | An area with a low population density. The population of the rural area largely works in agriculture. |
| civil rights | Individual rights guaranteed by a Constitution. |
| open range | Open land largely uninhabited. |
| stockyards | Holding pens for livestock and led to the development of cattle drives. |
| longhorns | A breed of cattle that developed as Spanish breeds mixed with English cattle brought by U.S. settlers. |
| barbed wire | Fencing designed with sharp points. |
| gasoline | An oil by-product designed for the automobile engine. |
| petroleum (oil) | A dark, thick, liquid fossil fuel commonly called oil. |
| natural gas | An oil by-product that can be used as fuel. |
| refinery | A factory that refines oil into useable products (natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, etc…) |
| derricks | Towers that support oil-drilling equipment. |
| boomtowns | Towns that grew along with economic booms. |
| Tariff | Tax placed on goods entering or exiting the country. |
| 1836 | Texas declared its independence and created a constitution for the Republic of Texas. |
| 1845 | Texas was annexed into the United States. |
| 1861-1865 | The Civil War |
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