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Funeral History
Final 3rd Qtr
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of past events & cultures and their influence on present conditions usually through the use of written records | History |
| What are common beliefs among all cultures? | *Some sort of afterlife *Careful reverent treatment of the dead *Separate cemeteries *Ambivalent feelings towards the dead *Class distinctions in burial |
| Anything made by human hands | Artifact |
| City of the Dead | Necropolis |
| Egyptian Judge of the Dead | Osiris |
| Egyptian Guardian of the Dead, God of Mummification/Embalming | Anubis |
| Egyptian personal life force that would cease living if the body decomposed | Ka |
| The Egyptian personal double or personality | Ba |
| Item used by the Egyptian deceased to pass from death and to the judgement hall | Book of the Dead |
| How did the Egyptians bury their dead? | Directly in the sand which leads to natural mummification |
| An Egyptian underground tomb with a building above it that visiers and advisers were placed in | Mastaba |
| Naturally occurring salt deposits in the Nile delta that were used for antiseptic and desiccating purposes | Natron |
| Father of History who wrote down the first Egyptian account of embalming and said the embalmers were their own profession in Egypt | Herodotus |
| Head Egyptian priest who did the embalming and said spells and incantations over the body | Kher-Heb |
| Egyptian prep room | Wabt |
| Ceramic jars that held Egyptians viscera in their burial tombs | Canopic Jars |
| Egyptian stone outer burial vault, "Flesh Swallower" | Sarcophagus |
| Egyptian tombs cut from cliffsides ex: Valley of the Kings | Rock Cut Tombs (Hypogea) |
| Egyptian burial chambers arranged around a courtyard like an Egyptian home | "Saff" Tomb ("Row" Tomb) |
| Personal items placed with the deceased ex: jewelry, weapons, furniture, game boards, food/beverages | Grave Goods |
| Little Egyptian statuettes that they believed would be servants in the afterlife | Ushabtis |
| How did the Egyptians influence our time with funeral customs? | *First to preserve the dead on purpose *First to utilize decorated vaults, coffins, entombments, funeral banquets, floral tributes |
| Greek underworld bordered by four rivers | Hades |
| Name the four rivers surrounding Hades | Styx, Acheron, Lethe, Cocytus |
| The deepest part of Hades | Tartarus |
| Place the dead go that is a version of Greek paradise | Elysian Fields |
| The boatman of the river Styx | Charon *he is paid by placing an obol in the mouth of the dead |
| Name the two Greek mystery religions | *Cult of Dionysos-Dying & Rising God *Cult of Demeter-Resurrection Goddess |
| Name the first major culture to practice cremation | Greeks |
| Greek monument; upright tablet type monument that cremains are buried underneath | Stela |
| Greek monument; round column-like monument with a bust on top of the deceased, given to very important people or those who won a wreath at the games | Kionis |
| Greek monument; box-like and the urn goes inside | Trapazae |
| Greek monument; more elaborate trapazae that looks like a Greek temple | Naida |
| Roman belief that everything has a soul | Animism *Anima-soul |
| Describe the Epicureans | *Denied the survival of the soul after death *Believed you should enjoy life while you had it *Common among those with wealth |
| Roman underground tunnels around the city in the valleys used for burial | Catacombs |
| Main Roman funeral director | Libitudinarious |
| Roman embalmer | Pollinctor |
| The Roman general assistant to organize the funeral procession | Designator |
| The Roman announcer who would let the public know the funeral was processing | Praeco |
| Roman torch bearer during night processions | Funerales |
| The place where spirits would go in the Jewish afterlife (like hades) | Sheol |
| How were Viking warriors bodies disposed of after death? | They were laid out in their long boats with their grave goods and put out to sea and set aflame. |
| The person who took care of the church, cemeteries and some undertakers duties during the middle ages | Sexton |
| What disease wiped out a large chunk of European population during the middle ages? | Yersinia pestis aka The Black Plague |
| Where were the plague victims buried? | In cemeteries established outside the city limits |
| A guild established that people could join for a yearly fee that would give them a burial and would pay for the repose of their souls after death | Poor Souls Guild |
| What profession took care of embalming during the middle ages? | The Barber Surgeons |
Created by:
sbarton
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