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Clep 1930s 1
Clep 1930s Depression 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A major theme of serious literature in the 1930s was a. materialism of the rich. b. the inequities of U.S. capitalism. c. the futility of war. d. the hopelessness of the poor. e. the antebellum South. | b. the inequities of U.S. capitalism. |
| John Maynard Keynes believed cutting taxes, lowering interest rates, and increasing government spending will the ____ economy. | stimulate |
| "I hope that we will continue to be able to look upon art & artists as one of the factors which can be used to draw nations together. . . . We need emotional outlets in this country and the more artistic people...." Eleanor Roosevelt said in behalf ____. | Works Progress Administration |
| The National Recovery Administration recognized the right of labor to bargain collectively, established production quotas, restricted business competition & prohibited ___ business practices. | unfair |
| The least likely to benefit from Social Security when it was established were ___ Americans because d. the law did not cover domestics and tenant farmers. | African |
| The New Deal did little to help African Americans because Roosevelt found it difficult to get around conservative Southern ___ in Congress. | Democrats . |
| Which of the following novels is a compassionate and empathetic portrayal of people caught in the Depression? b. O Pioneers! c. The Sound and the Fury d. You Can't Go Home Again e. Grapes of Wrath | e. Grapes of Wrath |
| Causes of the Depression were overproduction of goods, high protective tariff, stock market speculation & insistence on ____ of war debts. | repayment |
| The purpose of the Bonus Army's march to Washington was to ask Congress to pay out the ______ early. | World War I bonus |
| The major problem with Herbert Hoover's handling of the Depression was his belief that the federal government's role was to support private efforts to improve conditions but not to ____. | intervene |
| ____ Finance Corporation was an attempt by Herbert Hoover to aid the banking system. | Reconstruction |
| Some effects of ___ were women became heads of households as husbands left home to look for work or from despair, wives' wages made the difference in survival & some parents gave up food for the kids. | Depression |
| In the 1st "Hundred Days" of the New Deal all of the following laws were passed EXCEPT a. National Labor Relations Board. b. Emergency Banking Bill. c. the Federal Deposit Insurance Co. d. the Civilian Conservation Corps. e. Fed. Emergency Relief Ad. | a. the National Labor Relations Board. |
| All of the following are examples of popular culture in the 1930s EXCEPT a. the Federal Music Program. b. movie musicals. c. soap operas on the radio. d. the Swing Era and big bands. e. animated cartoons. | a. the Federal Music Program. |
| region covered by TVA. | d. owners of power plants around the country. |
| "[The American system] is founded upon a particular conception of self-gov. in which decentralized local respon. is the very base. It is founded upon the conception that only through ordered liberty, freedom, an......" This policy lost the presidency for? | Herbert Hoover |
| The Reconstruction Finance Corporation established by the Hoover administration helped which of the following groups? a. Banks and insurance companies b. The building industry c. The stock market d. Farmers and farm-related industries e. The unemployed | a. Banks and insurance companies |
| What was the most immediate problem that Franklin Roosevelt had to deal with after his inauguration? a. The condition of the banking system b. The condition of the stock market c. The farm crisis d. Ending Prohibition e. Out-of-control inflation | a. The condition of the banking system |
| The goal of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs was a. "forty acres and a mule" for farmers. b. "a car in every garage." c. equal economic opportunity for all. d. return to normalcy. e. recovery, relief, and reform. | e. recovery, relief, and reform. |
| The significance of the New Deal cultural programs was that it created a rich heritage of words, music, and visual images for ____ of Americans. | future generations |
| The New Deal in relation to African Americans was that the amount and kind of relief available to them ___ throughout the 1930s | improved |
| The Second New Deal responded to Roosevelt's critics who believed he should be doing more to fight the ___and was bolder than those of the First Hundred Days. | Great Depression |
| The Second New Deal aided the unemployed and labor and antagonized big business and the rich and it also created the Works Progress Administration which combined relief payments with ____. | useful work |
| Which of the following was regarded as the most unpopular item on Roosevelt's domestic agenda? a. Establishment of the NIRA b. The court-packing scheme c. Removing the nation from the gold standard d. Banning discrimination in the defense industry | b. The court-packing scheme |
| Franklin Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy was meant to improve relations with a. Canada. b. Mexico. c. Central America. d. Latin America. e. Colombia. | d. Latin America. |
| African-Americans least likely to join Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association would have been a. family men. b. women. c. students in vocational schools. d. the Talented Tenth. e. soldiers returned from duty overseas. | d. the Talented Tenth. |
| The term "New Negro" was the embodiment of African Americans' interest and pride in their . | heritage |
| Cause of Herbert Hoover's break w/ many Republican leaders: | His establishment of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation: an intervention to help end the depression. |
| Philosophy of many Republican leaders during the Hoover administration (re: the depression) | It was a 'business cycle' and should be allowed to run its course without interventional measures. |
| Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon: what administration? | Hoover |
| Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon's felt what about the Depression? | It was a business cycle that should be allowed to run its course without interventional measures. |
| What was the highest AVERAGE rate of unemployment in the U.S. during the Great Depression? | 25% |
| At it's highest, U.S. unemployment averaged 25% during the Great Depression. How many people were out of work? | 13 Million |
| To what rate did unemployment soar in cities during the Great Depression? | rates which approached 90% |
| The high rate of unemployment was a major cause/result of the Great Depression. What was the other factor also relating to unemployment? | The long period of time people were unemployed exhausted any resources they or their families might have had to help them. (No welfare or unemployment compensation) |
| Early in 1937, there were 8 million unemployed in the U.S. What developed in 1937 which increased that number to 10 million by the end of 1937? | Recession of 1937 |
| What were 'Hoovervilles'? | Camps of unemployed, homeless people which formed in every American city. Named after President Hoover. |
| By what percentage did U.S. crop prices fall during the Great Depression? | 40% |
| Some workers managed to keep their jobs during the Great Depression. But by what % did their wages fall? | 60% |
| 'Planned Economy' | Advocated by many liberals in the 1930's |
| Economic theory espoused by many liberals in the 1930's: | 'Planned Economy' |
| John Maynard Keynes and his followers recommended "pump-priming" the economy to avoid recession: cutting taxes, increasing government borrowing, and spending during an economic down-turn. | pump-priming |
| John Maynard Keynes Economic theory involving 'pump priming' These economics challenged the notion that ___ economics could operate well on their own, w/o state intervention used to promote aggregate demand, fighting high unemploy. & deflation of 1930s. | laissez-faire capitalist |
| What commonality do these share? Civil Works Administration; Civilian Conservation Corp; Works Progress Administration and the National Youth Administration? | They were all created to create jobs in the 1930's. |
| When were the Smoot-Hawley Tariffs enacted? | 1930 |
| What was the intended purpose of the Smoot-Hawley Tariffs? | To create / save American jobs by limiting European imports. |
| What deleterious unexpected effects did the Smoot-Hawley Tariffs cause? | Europeans could not sell their goods in America so they could not buy American goods: and jobs were lost. Europeans enacted their own protective tariffs so American goods could not be sold there: and jobs were lost. |
| A coalition of urban working-class and unhappy farmers helped which of the following gain the presidency? a. Woodrow Wilson in 1912 b. Warren Harding in 1920 c. Calvin Coolidge in 1924 d. Herbert Hoover in 1928 e. Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 | e. Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 |
| Who established the RFC (Reconstruction Finance Corporation)? | Herbert Hoover |
| What was the RFC? | Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Established as remedy for depression by Herbert Hoover. |
| Which of the following was not achieved during the New Deal? a. Insuring bank deposits b. Establishment of a minimum workweek and minimum wage c. Funding farm mortgages d. Funding home mortgages e. Providing for medical insurance for the poor | e. Providing for medical insurance for the poor |
| The New Deal by provided old-age pensions for the elderly, provided income benefits for the unemployed, ensured collective bargaining for labor unions and provided ____ to farmers to protect against market fluctuations. | crop subsidies |
| Four points of FDR's New Deal: | 1.Artificially raise crop prices. 2.Artificially cause prices to rise in general 3.Effective elimination of the Gold Standard (as it previously existed) 4.Establish governmental regulation of banking system to restore confidence |
| How did FDR propose to raise prices of crops and merchandise? | Pay farmers NOT to plant and get businesses to cooperatively control production. |
| In what year did the average U.S. employment reach its highest point? | 1933 |
| What President instituted the 'Good Neighbor' policy? | FDR |
| When was the 'Good Neighbor' policy instituted? | 1933 |
| What was the scope of the 'Good Neighbor' policy? | FDR's consolication of many changes already underway meant to reduce / revise the level of U.S. intervention in Latin America following our blatant interference which had continued into the 1930's. |
| What 'policy' preceded the 'Good Neighbor' policy? | the 'Big Stick' |
| What were some specific provisions of the 'Good Neighbor' policy? | U.S. gov. would cease making decisions for Latin Am. countries; consult their leaders and ask for their approval before intervening. U.S. would support 'strong, independent' leaders and help train Latin Am. military so countries could defend themselves. |
| What kinds of Latin American leaders often emerged during the time of the 'Good Neighbor' policy? | Military dictators who rose to power after being trained as soldiers by the U.S. |
| What was the attitude of Latin American military dictators during the time of the 'Good Neighbor' policy? | They owed their power to the U.S.: and often only stayed in power due to U.S. backing. |
| Did U.S. domination of Latin America end with the 'Good Neighbor' policy? | No. It just became slightly more diplomatic and less visible. |
| What purpose was the Indian Reorganization Act supposed to serve? | It was meant to give Indians back control of their lands and the right to preserve their traditions. Indian lands could no longer be divided up and parceled out. |
| When was the Indian Reorganization Act passed? | 1937 |
| Besides land reforms, what were other provisions of the Indian Reorganization Act? | It provided funding for Indian hospitals; schools and welfare agencies and ended restrictions on Indian religions, rituals and language. |
| What was the average rate of U.S. unemployment in early 1937? | 14.30% |
| In early 1937, average rate of U.S. unemployment had decreased to 14.3%. How many people were still out of work? | 8 Million |
| What was the purpose of the Farm Security Administration? | To restore faith in America by showing those who survived the Great Depression. Photojournalists were sent around the country to capture America. |
| How would the Farm Security Administration be characterized? | As a public relations campaign. |
| The primary reason for US' interest in the Russo–Japanese War was a. concern over the balance of power in East Asia. b. concern over any interest Japan had in the Philippines. c. the safety of the U.S. fleet Port Arthur. d. Japan's invasion of Manchuria. | b. concern over any interest Japan had in the Philippines. |
Created by:
wendyk44
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