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Clep 1900s Wilson2
Clep 1900s Wilson2 WWI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 1916 pledge was broken when Germany announced its intention to wage unrestricted U-boat warfare in the Atlantic? | The Sussex Pledge |
| Who made the Sussex Pledge? | Germany |
| What did the Sussex Pledge promise? | Germany would not attack unarmed ships without warning. |
| Existing SECONDARY conditions which CONTRIBUTED to the U.S. decision to enter WWI: | Germany's violation of Belgian neutrality (1914) Revelation of Germany's suggestions to Mexico re: possible collusion) |
| World War I started over a dispute between __ and Austria. | Serbia |
| Serbia and Austria had a __ which ended up as WWI when the allies of the two countries all joined in. | disagreement |
| The WWI disagreement started when a Serbian nationalist assassinated Archduke ___ , heir to the Austrian throne. The Serbian government denied involvement and refused to pay indemnities to Austria. | Franz Ferdinand |
| The ____ Powers in World War I were an alliance consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey. | Central |
| The ___ Powers consisted of Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, and later Japan and Italy. | Allied |
| These countries together formed the Allied Powers. Japan joined the Allies because it wanted German possessions in the Pacific, and Italy had signed a ___treaty with France and Britain. | secret |
| Italy was originally supposed to be part of the Central Powers in World War I, but joined the Allied cause because of a secret treaty it signed with Britain and France--the ___ . | Treaty of London |
| In the Treaty of London, Britain and France agreed to Italian __- demands. As a result, Italy entered the war in 1915 on the side of the Allied Powers. | territorial |
| When World War I started, the United States proclaimed its ___. However, in trade, and in emotional support, the U.S. leaned towards the side of the Allies. | neutrality |
| The Allies received strong emotional support from many high government officials in the U.S., including the ___ and the State Department. | White House |
| The sinking of the___ , a British ocean liner, during World War I by the Germans, was a threat to American neutrality. | Lusitania |
| A German __ sank the Lusitania, killing 128 Americans who were on board. Americans were outraged at this event, and this turned non-involvement sentiment towards getting involved in the war in Europe. | submarine |
| Germany issued the ___ in 1916, after sinking the Lusitania and several other passenger ships. In this pledge, it agreed not to attack passenger ships without warning, and to make provisions for the safety of noncombatants. | Sussex Pledge |
| Despite the Sussex Pledge, America began to prepare for the possibility of war with Germany through the National Defense Act and ___ Construction Act. | Naval |
| After the sinking of the Lusitania, America began to prepare for the possibility of war with the ___. The National Defense Act called for an increase in size of the Army to 175,000 men. | Germans |
| A Council of National Defense was also established to coordinate the efforts and ___ required to prepare for war. | industry |
| The Zimmerman Telegram was a message intercepted during World War I from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in __ . It proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany if the U.S. entered the war. | Mexico |
| The State Department released this telegram to the public, strengthening American public ___ against the Germans. | opinion |
| In March, 1917, a revolution began in Russia, resulting in a democratic government. This gave President Wilson greater justification for entering World War I--he was able to say that the U.S. could make the world ___ . | safe for democracy |
| A revolution broke out in Russia, putting a democratic government into power. Before this occurred, the only __the U.S. had for entering the war was Germany's policy of using submarines to attack neutral or Allied shipping. | justification |
| The Selective Service Act, passed in 1917, made all men between the ages of 21 and 30 eligible for the ____, and was later expanded to include everyone from 18 to 45. | draft |
| __ resulted in almost 2.8 million men being drafted into the military during World War I. This was out of a total of 5 million Americans who served in the war. | The Selective Service Act |
| Many African-Americans served in World War I; however, they were in ___ units under white commanders, and were often given minor roles far away from the front lines. | segregated |
| Many African-Americans were either drafted or volunteered to join the military during World War I. They believed that serving in the military would help reduce ___ against them. | prejudice |
| The United States entered World War I on the basis of the change in Germany's ___ policy. | submarine warfare |
| Germany changed its submarine warfare policy in February 1917, announcing that it would resume unrestricted submarine warfare on all neutral or Allied shipping. Previously, through the ___ made in May 1916. | Sussex Pledge |
| When the United States entered World War I, President Wilson sent the American Expeditionary Force under General ___ to the Western Front in eastern France. | John Pershing |
| The American Expeditionary Force quickly grew into over one __ soldiers within three months of the U.S. entering the war. | million |
| The American Expeditionary Force played a decisive role in the Second Battle of ___ the during World War I. | Marne |
| The Second Battle of the Marne ended the German threat to ___ . The first major offensive by the Americans was at St. Mihiel, one month after the Second Battle of the Marne. | Paris |
| General John Pershing launched an attack on the Germans at St. Mihiel. This was the first time he launched his ___, instead of simply taking part in Allied attacks. | own offensive |
| Another major American offensive was the __ offensive in WWI. | Meuse-Argonne |
| President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points served as a basis for the signing of the ___ which ended World War I. | armistice |
| \Wilson's 14 Points was a peace program he presented to Congress containing 14 different points. The major countries involved objected to certain points, but they agreed to the terms with the provision that __ pay indemnities for the damage it caused. | Germany |
| In November 1917, the ___ came to power in Russia. The United States and fourteen other countries sent soldiers to Russia to support the anticommunist forces in 1918, and did not pull out until 1920. | Bolsheviks |
| The Bolsheviks, who were ___, came to power in Russia. The United States and many other countries sent troops to help the anticommunist forces fighting the Bolshevik forces. | Communists |
| President Wilson created the Committee on Public Information in 1917 to ___ the war to the American people. | promote |
| The Committee on Public Information disseminated ___ portraying Germans as barbarous and stressing that the Americans were fighting for democracy and freedom. | propaganda |
| The ___ of 1917 mandated a fine and imprisonment for interfering with the recruiting of troops or the disclosure of information dealing with national defense. | Espionage Act |
| The Espionage Act of 1917 was passed during World War I to imprison and prosecute anyone who the authorities claimed were ___ the war effort. | undermining |
| The Espionage Act was passed in 1917, limiting what people could do or publish. To add to this, the Sedition Act of 1918 made it a crime to criticize by speech or writing the ___or Constitution. | government |
| The Sedition Act, along with the Espionage Act was used to imprison several thousand people. The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of these two laws in ___v. United States. | Schenk |
| Shortly after World War I, the United States experienced a period of antiradical hysteria known as the _ . | Red Scare |
| A exmaple of the effects of the Red Scare wasAttorney General Palmer's arrests of thousands of suspected radicals, and the ____ verdict in the Sacco and Vanzetti trial. | death sentence |
| The Red Scare was a period of ___ hysteria--anyone involved in radical politics, whether it was Communism, anarchy, etc., were targets of this hysteria. | antiradical |
| In Schenk v. United States, the Supreme Court upheld the ___ of the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918. | constitutionality |
| In Schenk v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that freedom of speech could be restricted during times of ___ if the speech constituted a "clear and present danger" to the public. | war |
| The National War Labor Board was formed in 1917 to mediate and arbitrate ___ disputes. | labor |
| The National War Labor Board was created during World War I to settle labor disputes before they could damage the wareffort. Union membership ___ significantly during World War I, especially in the American Federation of Labor. | grew |
| Low interest bonds, known as ___ bonds, were sold during World War I to help finance the war. | Liberty |
| President Wilson considered the most important point of his Fourteen Points to be the creation of ___ a which would guarantee the independence and territorial integrity of all countries. | League of Nations |
| One of President Wilson's Fourteen Points called for the creation of a League of Nations. Other points dealt with renouncing ___treaties, freedom of the seas, removal of worldwide trade barriers, and specific territorial problems. | secret |
| Instead of the "____" spirit of the Fourteen Points, the Paris Peace Conference was in short, the Big Four making all the decisions, with Great Britain and France determined to see Germany pay a crippling price for the war. | peace without victory |
| The Big Four, which consisted of the leaders of Great Britain, France, Italy, and the ___ , made all the decisions at the Paris Peace Conference. | United States |
| The result of the Paris Peace Conference was the___ , which ended World War I and provided for a League of Nations. | Treaty of Versailles |
| The U.S. ended up not joining the ____ . | League of Nations |
| The Treaty of Versailles was submitted to Congress, but the Senate failed to __ it. The U.S. ended up entering into separate peace treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary. | ratify |
| The Republican senators who rejected the Treaty of Versailles entirely were known as the ____. | Irreconcilables |
| They were known as the Irreconcilables. The Democrats favored ratification of the treaty, but the Republican senators were split. The Irreconcilables rejected the treaty, and the ___ wanted modifications to the treaty. | Reservationists |
| National ___ , which was one of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, is the principle that people who share the same language, history, and territory have the right to political independence. | self-determination |
| National self-determination resulted in Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia being formed from land that belonged to Germany, ____, and Russia. | Austria-Hungary |
| Woodrow Wilson's response to a perceived insult to the U.S. flag in Vera Cruz? | Ordered the occupation of the port of Vera Cruz, Mexico, which began the Battle of Veracruz, lasted for six months in response to the Tampico Affair of April 9, 1914. |
| Two reasons Wilson ordered the occupation of the port of Vera Cruz: | A perceived insult to the U.S. flag and to hasten the downfall of Mexican leader Victoriano Huerta |
| Woodrow Wilson's first response to German U-boat activities against U.S. ships: | Diplomatic protests |
| When did U.S. troops last occupy Mexico City? | The end of the Mexican War in 1848 |
| Five of Wilson's Fourteen Points: | Collective security; self-determination; open diplomacy; freedom of the seas and the formation of a League of Nations |
| Fairness and openness in international relations was characteristic of what President's innovative foreign policy? | Woodrow Wilson |
| Under what misconception did the German's labor once they recognized their inevitable defeat in WWI? | That since the Americans had 'saved' Britain and France, the U .S. would be the primary player in negotiating the terms for peace. |
| What treaty ended WWI? | The Treaty of Versaille |
| Which came first: occupation of Vera Cruz or Pershing being ordered into Mexico? | The occupation of Vera Cruz. Pershing was ordered into Mexico two years later. |
| Who instituted the War Industries Board? | Woodrow Wilson |
| When was the War Industries Board created? | 1917 |
| War Industries Board: define: | War Industries Board created 1917 by Woodrow Wilson after disbanding corrupt committees overseeing war production and mobilization. |
| Most significant cause of U.S. entry into WWI: | Germany's declaration of its intent to wage unrestricted submarine warfare. |
| Woodrow Wilson's most prized 'point': | The League of Nations |
| How did Woodrow Wilson effectively sabatoge his own desires concerning the Treaty of Versailles? | He did not invite any Rep. or any Senators to accompany him to the Treaty of Paris. Hence, the Senate found much to disagree with when the treaty was presented for ratif. Wilson was also unable to prevent the treaty terms from being vengeful. |
| How did Woodrow Wilson respond to the Senate's refusal to ratify the Treaty of Versailles? | He attempted to circumvent them by launching a direct campaign to Am. His tactics were poor: name calling and direct attacks on the intelligence of the Senate. He had a stroke returning to WA and refused to negotiate any further with treaty critics. |
| Was the Treaty of Versailles ever ratified by the Senate? | No. The U.S. signed a separate peace treaty with Germany. It went before the Senate twice but was defeated both times. |
| How did Britain and France influence the overall terms of the Treaty of Versaille? | Both countries were very determined to exact vengeance. |
| All of the following characterized the home front during World War I EXCEPT a. a campaign to sell Liberty Bonds to finance the war. b. rationing of consumer goods. c. a virulent anti-German campaign. d. passage of an excess profits tax on corporations. | b. rationing of consumer goods. |
| Which of the following both pushed Woodrow Wilson toward joining the war in Europe and held him back? a. U.S. business ties to the Allies b. Germany's disregard of U.S. neutrality c. The British propaganda campaign publicizing German atrocities | a. U.S. business ties to the Allies |
| In World War I African Americans primarily a. saw duty in labor battalions. b. served under black officers. c. saw duty on the front lines. d. were deferred to work in defense plants. e. were rejected because of racism by draft boards. | a. saw duty in labor battalions. |
| A concession that labor won during World War I was a. collective bargaining. b. the closed shop. c. an end to the open shop. d. the right to use the sit-down strike. e. the right to organize federal employees. | a. collective bargaining. |
| How did the Sussex Pledge achieve a common goal for both the United States and Germany? | It kept the United States out of World War I in 1916. |
| ____ wanted to stay out of World War I primarily because they believed that the nation could not afford war and economic and political reforms at the same time. | Progressives |
| All of the following were effects felt on the home front in World War I EXCEPT a. race riots. b. closing of the border to keep Mexican immigrants out. c. hiring of women for work traditionally considered "men's work". | b. closing of the border to keep Mexican immigrants out. |
| All of the statements are true about African Americans' experience in WWI EXCEPT? a. Men who were illiterate including African Americans were not called up for duty. b. Most African Americans had noncombat roles as support personnel. | a. Men who were illiterate including African Americans were not called up for duty. |
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wendyk44
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