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Midterm 4 Ch 16 & 17
Physiology 2420
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The maximum volume of air that can be inspired from the end of a normal respiration | inspiratory reserve volume |
| Which of the following is not part of the respiratory zone in the respiratory tract? Goblet cells, alveolar macrophages, Type I cells, Alveolar pores | goblet cells |
| Which of the following is not a direct factor in lung compliance? pulmonary surfactant, surface tension, lung elasticity, capillary exchange | capillary exchange |
| Which of the following makes up a layer of epithelial cells that overlies the wall of the alveoli? | Type I cells |
| Respiratory distress syndrome in an infant results from an inability to breathe because of excess surfactant production in the alveoli by type I cells. True/False | False |
| There are phagocytic cells within the lungs that move among the alveoli to remove foreign particles. True/False | True |
| Which of the following is not part of the conducting zone in the respiratory tract? respiratory bronchioles, trachea, terminal bronchioles, primary bronchi | respiratory bronchioles |
| The alveolar dead space is a volume of air that cannot cross the alveoli to remove foreign particles. True/ False | False |
| The primary force responsible for air moving into the lungs during inhalation is ________________. | atmospheric pressure |
| The amount of air that enters the lungs during normal, restful breathing is called the ____________. | tidal volume |
| The functional gas exchanging units are termed _______________. | alveoli |
| The compliance of the lung increases as the lungs expand. True/False | False |
| What are the most powerful stimuli for breathing? | low pH; high CO2 |
| The amount of air that cannot be expelled is the _____________. | residual volume |
| What structure bufurcates into the bronchi that enter the right and left lungs? | trachea |
| What are the smallest and most distal structures that remain a component of the conducting zone in the respiratory tract? | terminal bronchioles |
| What is the function of ciliated cells in the conducting zone? | propel mucus containing trapped particles toward the glottis |
| The transition from the conducting to the respiratory zone in the lungs occurs at the ______________. | respiratory bronchioles |
| What are the most common cells that line the surface of the alveoli and are therefore associated with the exchange of gases within the lungs? | Type I alveolar cells |
| What type of cells secrete mucus in the respiratory tract? | goblet cells |
| What is the connective tissue that surrounds each lung called? | pleural sac |
| When air is no longer moving through the respiratory tract and the airway is open to the environment, the pressure within the lung is equal to _____________. | atmospheric pressure |
| The difference between what two pressures drives air into and out of the lungs? | atmospheric; intra-alveolar |
| Name one of the four pulmonary pressures involved in respiration and describe how that pressure affects ventilatoin. | atmospheric, intra-alveolar, intrapleural, and transpulmonary. Breathing has to do with the differences between atmospheric and intra-alveolar pressures Intrapleural keeps the lungs inflated/ transpulmonary is the distending force across the lung wall. |
| Name one function of the alveoli | gas exchange |
| Why would it be advantageous to calculate the alveolar ventilation instead of the minute ventilation? | alveolar takes into account dead air space |
| Explain Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) Test and what kind of disease it test for. | FVC test-maximum inhale followed by a forceful exhale. Low FVC indicates restrictive pulmonary disease. |
| Explain Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) test and what it test for. | FEV- % of FVC that can be exhaled within a certain length of time (usually 1 second). Low FEV indicates obstructive pulmonary disease. |
| What is Internal Respiration? | Internal respiration- oxygen use within the mitochondria to generate ATP. |
| What is external respiration? | External respiration- exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the atmosphere and body tissues. |
| The transpulmonary pressure is the difference in pressure between what two other pressures? | Intrapleural, intra-alveolar |
| Is it more advantageous for lungs to have low or high compliance? | high compliance |
| What is one way lungs increase or decrease compliance? | Decrease elasticity=increase compliance. Decrease surface tension=increase compliance. |
| What is one way the body compensates for metabolic alkalosis? | breath less; decrease H+ secretion |
| What is the function of type II alveolar cells? | secrete surfactant; increase compliance |
| Name one function of the respiratory zone. | exchange of gases between air and blood by diffusion |
| What is one way the body compensates for metabolic acidosis? | breath more; increase H+ secretion |
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GracieLou
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