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bio 26.2
EA 9th bio unit 26.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| material that makes up most of the skeleton of the fetus of a vertebrate | cartilage |
| What structure characteristic is unique to vertebrates? | backbone |
| functions of an exoskeleton | protection, support, movement, prevents water loss |
| individual parts of an endoskeleton | bones |
| process in which cartilage is replace by bone | ossification |
| What are the 2 nutrients needed for proper bone development? | vitamin d and calcium |
| importance of haversian canals | found in the bone and provide places for blood vessels and nerves |
| 4 types of moveable joints | ball and socket, hinge, pivot, and gliding |
| importance of vitamin d in bone | allows bone to collect the calcium |
| importance of calcium in bones | gives energy and strength to the bone |
| a tough, elastic, connective tissus that attaches muscle to bone is a____ | tendon |
| nonstriated or__muscles move many of the internal parts of the body.involuntary controlled | smooth |
| bones connected with one another at a __ that is often flexible, aiding the movement of an organism or its parts. | joint |
| __is controlled by hormones and involves the shedding of the exoskeleton | molting |
| the support structures found in many complex animals make up the__ | skeletal system |
| living cells that are found within the minerals of a bone | osteocyte |
| during muscle contraction, one end of the muscle and the bone to which it is attached do not move. site is called__ | point of origin |
| during muscle contraction, one end of the muscle and the bone to which it is attached move. | point of insertion |
| protein that composes the thicker part of the filaments in striated muscle | myosine |
| muscles | specialized tissue. work with the skeleton to provide movement in vertebrates and arthropods |
| muscle tone | provides enough contraction of muscles to support the body and keep the muscles ready for quick contractions |
| striated | voluntary muscles. one of 3 types of vertebrate muscles. most important in terms of locomotion |
| extensor | the muscle which when contracted, causes a joint to straighten. triceps |
| flexor | muscle in which when contracted causes the bending of a joint. biceps. |
| periosteum | all bones are enclosed by an outer layer called__ |
| joints are held together by a connective tissues called | ligaments |
| bone marrow | compact bone, the center cavity contains this tissue. |
| gliding joints | give bones flexibility |
| fixed joints are in | the skull |
| type of joint formed by the joining of the femur and pelvis is called | ball-and-socket |
| jet propulsion | used by jellyfish, they push water underneath to push in the opposite direction of the water. |
| water vascular system | starfish |
| setae | small hairlike structures that are on each segment of the worm. |
| elbow | hinge |
| shoulder and hip | ball and socket |
| hypo of sliding filaments | contracts fully or not at all |
| CP | creatine phosphate. formed when ATP donates phosphate molecules to creatine. when energy is needed, the phosphate is released to join ADP to form ATP. the creatine is the reused |
| oxygen debt | when cell is obtaining ATP energy, anaerobic respiration. |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone minerals |
| structure of bones | osteocytes(bone cells). has haversian canals, controlled by striated muscle |
| exoskeleton | external, found in arthropods |
| arthropods | moves using muscle and skeletons. opposite muscle movement occurs. muscle on inside of exoskeleton |
| fiber | long cells in striated muscle that have many nuclei, made of fibrils |
| fibrils | make up fibers |
| sarcomere | part of the fibril from one Z line to another |
| actin | thinner filament |
| acetycholine | causes a release of calcium ions to muscle fibers |
| density | mass/volume |
| marrow | stores fat |
| spongy bone | tough tissue, not containing minerals |
| z lines | actin point of attachment |
| periosteum | bones' outer covering |
| minerals | osteoblasts store___ |
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