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throck geography TAK
throck geography TAKS review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In what two documents were the Declaration of Independence's grievances against king George III solved in? | Constitution and Bill of Rights |
| Economy based on free enterprise where consumers make their own economic decisions, not the government. | market economy (aka: Capitalism) |
| In the 1400's to 1800's, why did Europeans conquer and then colonize around the world such as in Africa, the Americas and Asia? What was an effect of this? | Mercantilism; to gain wealth and natural resources exchange of goods and ideas, Slavery, people exploited for resources |
| Why did the early U.S. colonies, such as Jamestown, develop local representative bodies such as the Virginia House of Burgesses? | 1) too far from Britain to rely on for day to day decisions 2) tradition of British citizens to have representatives |
| What do the following tell you about levels of development? -birth rate -death rate -literacy rate -GNP | high birth rates, low literacy, low life expectancey = less developed |
| What is the level of luxury that people of a nation enjoy? | standard of living |
| What happened in 1776 | Declaration of Independence (from Great Britain) written by Thomas Jeffersons, mentions the unalienable rights of life,liberty and pursuit of happiness, lists grievances against George III |
| What amendment granted black males the right to vote following the Civil War? | 15th |
| What series of essays argued for the need of a stronger national government (after the failure of the Articles of Confederation)? They were written by James Madison and others. | Federalist Papers 1787 |
| Population growth, natural resources and new technology all led to _________ in the United States in the 1700-1800's. (the revolution began first in Britain) | Industrialization |
| What major event was fought over states' rights to decide on issues such as tariffs and slavery? It began with the Battle of Fort Sumter and the election of Lincoln. | Civil War 1861-1865 |
| What principle of the Constitution gives one branch power over the other two in an effort to keep power more equal. Ex. Congress passes laws, President can veto them, Congress can override veto. | checks and balances |
| What principle is protected by the Constitution and reinforced in the Bill of Rights, such as the freedom of speech and press? | individual rights |
| What principle is based on the idea that final authority lies with the people; people have the power; consent of the governed | Popular Sovereignty |
| Growing a surplus of food to sell on the market, usually a result of increased technology is known as______? | commercial farming or market- oriented |
| What principle of the constitution provides for the division of power among three branches of government? | Separation of Powers |
| Type of government established by the Constitution where people elect representatives to make decisions for them? | Republic |
| What constitutional principle is the idea that the government must obey the laws and Constitution? from the Magna Carta. | limited government |
| During colonial times the U.S., only white men who owned property were allowed to ___________. This changed with the 15th and 19th amendments. | vote |
| What is the rebirth of Greek and Roman culture in Europe that brought an end to the Middle Ages? Characterized by a growth in the power of monarchs, the Protestant Reformation, artistic achievements, Gutenburg printing press (which spread ideas.) | Renaissance |
| What is the time period in Europe from 500-1500 after the fall of the Roman Empire, when Europe was characterized by Feudalism, increase in power of the Catholic Church and the Crusades (due to the spread of Islam), The Black Death | Middle Ages |
| Who can impeach federal officials, pass laws, levy taxes, and approve presidential appointments? | Congress/ Legislative Branch |
| What was the crisis arising over the issue of state's rights when the national government raised tariffs? South Carolina nullified the law, refusing to obey, and threatened to secede if national government tried to enforce the tariff. 1832 | Nullification Crisis |
| What are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, added to ensure its ratification, that protects freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, petition, bear arms, not quartering soldiers, fair trial by jury, not to incriminate yourself | Bill of Rights |
| Who was elected Commander of the Continental Army at the meeting of the Continental Congress, and defeated General Cornwallis at the Battle of Yorktown. 1st president of the United States | George Washington |
| To declare void or ignore a law | nullify |
| What occured from 1500-1700 when new scientific inventions such as the microscope and telescope changed the nature of science? This led to the Industrial Revolution in the 1700's. | Scientific Revolution |
| What document, signed in 1215 by King John, limited the power of the monarch and influenced the US Constitution? It resulted from power struggle between the king and his nobles. | Magna Carta |
| Grievance of Declaration of Independence: George the 3rd has raised taxes unfairly because colonists had no representatives in British parliament. Who can tax according to the Constitution? | only congress- an elected representative body |
| Most early cities were located along inland __________ and ____________. Ex. Mesopotamia, Jamestown, Egypt, China, India | waterways and coasts |
| What aevent during the Renaissance begun when German monk, Martin Luther, led a protest against the Catholic Church practices? It led to the creation of Protestantism. | Reformation |
| What document formally declared our separation from Britain, was written by Thomas Jefferson and based on the ideas of John Locke's natural rights? | Declaration of Independence |
| The 13th, 14th and 15th amendments were passed following what event? | Civil War |
| What is the type of government established by our Constitution, that allows power to be shared between our state and national/central governments? ex. both levels can riase taxes | Federalism |
| What occured from 1939 to 1945 and is characterized by actions of Adolf Hitler, the Holocaust, the bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan, and the U.S. dropping two atomic bombs on Japan? | World War II |
| What document, signed in 1689, protected the rights of British citizens, such as the right to a trial by jury and not cruel and unusual punishment? | English Bill of Rights |
| What is the value of goods and services produced in a country in year? This stat can be used to compare the economies of countries. | GNP (Gross National Product) |
| What occured in 1787? | the writing of the Constitution |
| What document did the U.S. issue in the learly 1800's to warn Europe that hte WEstern Hemisphere was closed to colonization? THe U.S. did not want to compete with Europe for power in our hemisphere. | Monroe Doctrine |
| What branch of national government can declare laws and government actions unconstitutional? | The Judicial Branch (Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review) |
| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and later served as 3rd president? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who can appoint cabinet members suc as Secretary of State, pardon criminals, veto laws and make treaties with other countries? | President/Executive Branch |
| List ways in which culture is diffused, such as during the Hellenistic Era when Alexander the GReat spread Greek culture to Asia. | trade, migration, wars |
| What was the first government of the U.S. after the American REvolution that was a loose alliance of states? The national Congress was too weak to act decisively. Effort to avoid a strong national government like King George III. | Articles of Confederation |
| What Civil War amendment abolished slavery? | 13th |
| What was the shift from agriculture to manufacturing due to inventions such as steam power , electricity, telephone....? | Industrial Revolution |
| What occured from 1861-1865? | Civil War |
| The production of goods from a home based workshop with little technology (not in a factory), usually by a skilled worker, are known as ? | cottage industries |
| What are the 3 unalienable rights (or natural rights) as defined by John Locke in his social contract theory? | life, liberty, property |
| What are the 3 unalienable rights as stated by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence? | life, liberty and pursuit of happiness |
| What event occured in 1607? | the establishment of the first successful British colony of Jamestown |
| What type of farming is growing enough food to feed your family, usually in less developed countries with little technology? | subsistance farming |
| WHo led a series of non-viiolent protests to free India from British control (British colonization)? | Mohandas Gandhi |
| What document was drafted in 1787 to replace the Articles of Confederaton with a federal system of government, where the national government shared power with the states? The National government is supreme. | The Constitution |
| What amendment granted citizenship to freed slaves and also gives all citizens equal protection of the law? | 14th |
| What was the first battle of the American Revolution? | Battles of Lexington and Concord best known for the efforts of Paul Revere to warn the colonials that the Red Coats were coming. |
| What was the last battle of the American Revolution? | The Battle of Yorktown, where George Washington defeated the British General Cornwallis. |
| Name 5 characteristics of a civilization. | cities, government, art, written language and trade |
| Where and when did the first civilizations begin? | 8,000-10,000 years ago with the Agricultural Revolution in Mexico, Egypt, India, China and Mesopotamia |
| Grievance of the Declaration of Independence: George III has forced the colonists to house British soldiers in thier homes. How was this solved in the Constitution? | Bill of Rights: 3rd Amendment |
| What major power did the national congress lack under the Articles of Confederation, making it nearly impossible to operate effectively or raise an army for protection? This was really evident with Shays' Rebellion. | power to tax |
| What war was caused by unfair taxation by the British without colonist consent(tea tax, Stamp Act), violation of rights, restrictions on free trade, and no representation in Parliament? | the American Revolution |
| What was the power struggle between the democratic world led by the U.S. and the Communist world led by the U.S.S.R. from 1945-1991? | Cold War |
| What event occured from 1914-1918 as a result of the rise of dictators, colonialism, secret alliances, arms race and the assassination of Franz Ferdinand? | World War I |
| Grievance of the Declaration of Independence: HE has made the jusdges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of thier office and amount and payment of thier salaries" means what? | Under King George III, judges often had to decide a case the way the king wanted if the judge wanted to keep his job or get paid. Today, the pay of judges cannot be diminshed while in office and they hold office for life with good behavior |
| THe two way exchange of goods and ideas between the Old and New Worlds is known as ____________________________. | Colombian Exchange ex. potato is introduced to Europe |
| Why is control of waterways such as the Straits of Hormuz (connecting Persian Gulf to Arabian Sea) important? | for trade routes, in this case OIL. |
| In early factories, technological innovations such as steam power led to greater _______ and a demand for more _______to work in the factories. | profit workers |
| In a command economy, economic decisions are made by who? | The government |
| In a market, or free enterprise system, who make the economic decisions? | consumers (the people) |
| The President has the power to appoint Supreme Court Justices. Congress has to approve the choice. THis is known as what? | checks and balances |
| Sources written by a first hand observation are known as what? ex. diary, autobiography | primary sources |
| Sources written using information gained from primary sources, such as textbooks are called what? | secondary sources |
| What is bias? | one's opinion; taking a side; a prejudice |
Created by:
davislauren
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