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chap21 u.s.
chap. 21
| term | description |
|---|---|
| progressivism | a reform movement including a number of groups & individuals with a common desire to improve life and the industrial age, to biuld on society, make political changes and social improvements through govt action |
| pragmatism | practical approach to morals, ideals, and knowledge, experimenting with ideas and laws for the better ordering of society |
| william james & john dewey | two leading american advocates of pragmatism |
| ida tarbell | the history of the standard oil company, 1902, in Mcclures magazine, successful by such muckraking articles |
| frederick w taylor | used a stopwatch to time the output of factory workers, discovered ways of organizing people in the efficient manner |
| scientific management | ways of organizing poeple in the most efficient manner |
| muckrakers | writers specializing in stories about underhanded schemes in politics |
| henry demarest lloyd | a chicago reporter, in 1881 wrote a series of articles for the Atlantic Monthly, attcked the practices of the Standard oil company and th err's, Wealth Against Commonwealth exposed the corruption |
| standard oil company | greed and corruption was exposed by lloyd, oil monopoly |
| lincoln steffans | wrote muckraking articles in Mcclures Magazine, 1893, tweed days in st loius, 1892 |
| Jacob riis | on eof the first photojournalists, How The Other Half Lives, 1890, on tenement life |
| theodore drieser | wrote muckraker novels, The Financier, The Titan, portrayed the avarice and ruthlessness of an industrialist |
| australian ballot | adapted first by MA, 1888, issuing ballots printed by the state, requiring voters to mark choices within private booths, all states adopted by 1910 |
| direct primary | system for bypassing politicians by letting voters nominate party candidates by a majority |
| robert la folette | 1903, gov. of wisconsin, introduces placing the nominating process directly in the hands of the voters |
| direct election of senators, seventeenth amendment | navade first adopted, 1899, to prevent from the senate being dominated by a millionaires club, by 1912, 30 states adopted |
| initiative, referendum, recall | voters could compel legislators to consider a bill, allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws on their own ballots, to remove a corrupt or unsatisfactory politician from office |
| social welfare | meeting the needs of immigrants and the working class, lobbying vigorously for better schools, juvenile courts, liberalized divorce laws, safety regulations; settlement houses, fought for limits on the death penalty |
| municipal reform | for free kindergartens, night schools, public playgrounds, tax reform, public operation of utilities |
| samuel m jones | mayor of Toledo, ohio, republican, adopted the golden rule, selfmade millionaire, introduced a program of municipal reform |
| Tom L johnson | ohio, devoted to tax reform and three-cent trolley fares for cleveland, as mayor, fought for public ownershio of utilities and services |
| charles evan hughes | NY, battled fraudulent insurance companies |
| hiram johnson | CA, fought economic and political power of the southern pacific rr |
| theodore roosevelt; square deal | demonstrated he favored neither business or labor |
| anthracite coal miners strike (1902) | caused many americans to fear they would freeze to death in the winter without coal |
| trust-busting | breaking up bad trusts which harmed the public and sitfled competition, and regulating good trusts which thru efficiency and low prices dominated a market |
| elkins act (1903) | the Interstate Commerce Commission had greater authority to stop rr's from granting rebates to favored costumers |
| hepurn act (1906) | commission could fix just and reasonable rates for rr's |
| upton sinclair, the jungle | wrote muckraking book that described conditions in the chicago stockyards and meatpacking industry |
| pure food and drug act (1906) | forbade the manufacture, sale, and transportation of adulterated or muslabeled food and drugs |
| Meat Inspection Act (1906) | federal inspectors visit meatpacking plants to ensure they had met minimum standars of sanitation |
| conservation | roosevelt had efforts to protect the nations natural resources, Forest Reserve Act, Newlands, National conservation commission |
| Newlands Reclamation Act (1902) | providing money from the sale of public land for irrigation projects in western states |
| Gifford Pinchot | PA, first director of the US forest service, controlled NCC |
| William Howard Taft | sec of war, elected in 1908 |
| Mann-Elkis Act (1910) | gave ICC the power to suspend new rr rates and oversee telephone, telegraph, and cable companies |
| sixteenth amendment | 1913, authorized govt to collect an income tax |
| payne-aldrich tariff (1909) | raised the tariff on most imports |
| joseph cannon | house speaker, progressives wanted taft to reduce his dictatorial powers |
| socialist party of america | once the socialist labor party, dedicated to the welfare of the working class, called for more radical reforms |
| Eugene v debs | one of the founders of the socialist party, candidate for 5 elections, former rr union leader, adopted socialism while jailed 4 the pullman strike, critc of business, champion of labor |
| bull moose party | new progressive party, candidate- roosevelt |
| new nationalism | roosevelts plan, more govt regulation of business and unions, women suffrage, more social welfare programs |
| new freedom | wilson, to limit big business and big govt, bring about reform by ending corruption, revive competition by supporting small business |
| underwood tariff | 1913, lowered tariffs for the 1st time in over 50 yrs, included a graduated income tax from 1 to 6 % |
| federal reserve act | 1914, created a federal reserve board that regulated the baning system and issued bills |
| federal reserve board | supervised the national banking system with 12 district banks |
| clayton antitrust act | strengthened provisions of the sherman antitrust act for breaking monopolies |
| federal trade commission | regulatory agency for investigating unfair trade practices in most industries |
| federal farm loan act (1916) | 12 regional federal farm loan banks established, provided low interest rates |
| urban migration | 1910-1930 about a million people travelled north seeking jobs in the cities |
| niagra movement | w e b du bois met with a group of black intellectuals in niagra falls, canada, discussed actions for securing equal rights for blacks, later joined this movement |
| booker t washington | stressed blacks needs for education, economic progress, industrial skills |
| w e b du bois | demanded equal rights, Souls of the Black Folk, scholar, writer, college educated |
| natl assoc for the advancement of colored people | du bois and white progressives founded, to abolish segregation, increase economic opporunities for af am children, largest civil rights organization |
| natl urban league | to help those migrating from the south |
| carrie chapman catt | iowa reformer, president of the NAWSA, argued for right to vote |
| 19th amendment | 1920, guaranteed womens rights to vote |
| alice paul | NJ, leader of National Womens Party, for the suffrage amendment |
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