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Chapter 8
Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Spoils System | the practice of appointing peope to government jobs on the basis of party loyalty and support |
| Caucus System | the party caucus would nee to choose the nominee for president |
| Spoils System | the practice of appointing peope to government jobs on the basis of party loyalty and support |
| Caucus System | the party caucus would nee to choose the nominee for president |
| secede | withdraw |
| nullification | the right that gives the states to declare a federal law null |
| Tariff of Abominations | the name given by South Carolinian critics to the new tariff in 1828 |
| John C. Calhoun | the nation's vice president and a resident of South Carolina |
| Daniel Webster | perhaps the greatest orator of his day and a ferocious defender of the Union |
| Force Bill | authorized the president to use the military to enforce acts of congress |
| Indian Removal Act | provided money for relocating Native Americans |
| Trail of Tears | consisted of approximately 2,000 Cherokee dying of starvation, disease, and exposure on the journey to what is now Oklahoma |
| Panic of 1837 | occured shortly after Van Buren took office. Many banks and businesses failed at this time as well as many farmers lost their land, and unemployment soared among eastern factory workers. |
| Nativism | hostility toward foreigners |
| Romanticism | advocated feeling over reason, inner spirituality over external rules, the individual above society, and nature over environments created by humans |
| Transcendentalism | urged peope to transcend, or overcome, the limits of their minds and let their souls reach out to embrace the beauty of the universe |
| Utopia | ideal society |
| Know-Nothings | Antic-Catholic delegates that formed the American party were known as the _______ _______ because when question they answered "I know nothing." and the password to attend the meetings was "I know nothing." |
| Second Great Awakening | where religious leaders organized to revive Americans' commitment to religion |
| Charles Grandison Finney | preached that all people could attain grace through faith |
| Joseph Smith | founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, where followers are commonly known as Mormons |
| benevolent societies | focused on spreading the word of God, converting nonbelievers, and combatting a number of social problems |
| Temperance | moderation of the consumption of alcohol |
| penitentiaries | places where individuals would work to acheive penitence, or remorse |
| Dorothea Dix | influenced more than a dozen states to enact prison reforms and the creation of special institutions for the mentally ill |
| Lyman Beecher | a prominent minister; insisted that it was the nation's citizenry more than its government that should take charge of building a better society |
| Horace Mann | Massachusetts legislator _____ _____ one of the leaders of the public education movement |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | _______ ________ _______ and Lucretia Mott organized the Seneca Falls Convention |
| gradualism | the belief that slavery had to be ended gradually |
| abolition | the ending of slavery immediately among enslaved African-Americans |
| emancipation | the freeing of all enslaved people |
| American Colonization Society | in December 1816, antislavery reformers founded the _______ _______ ________ to move African Americans to Africa |
| William Lloyd Garrison | founded Boston's antislavery newspaper, the "Liberator". ______ also founded the New England Antislavery Society in 1832 and the _______ _______ _______ in 1833 |
| Frederick Douglass | a brilliant thinkier and electrifying speaker |
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