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AJ test
review for maddox andrew jackson test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Andrew Jackson | -little formal education -fantastic general- NOLA/ Horseshoe bend/ killing creeks -used glory to get positions -personified the American Dream |
| common man | -idea from AJ that the average man is important- emphasizes the individual -moves away from european elitism towards equality before the law |
| the beginning of the Jackson era marked the end of the ______________________... | ...Era of Good Feelings |
| Election of 1824 | -4 candidates – JQA, AJ, Clay, Will Crawford -no majority clay pulls strings in the house JQA becomes pres people angry b/c they thought it was a corrupt election |
| Corrupt Bargain | -what clay and JQA were thought to have during the election of 1824 |
| JQA as president | -2nd in popular vote -support in New England -divides the country more than unites -brilliant diplomat BUT no foreign issues under his admin. |
| Important National Republicans | -JQA -Clay |
| Important Democrats | -Jackson -Calhoun (?) -eventually Polk |
| “quid pro quo” | -literally “this for that” -seen with log-rolling- equal exchange |
| log rolling | trading votes for regional specifics causes tariff to become bigger and higher |
| Tariff of Abominations | -raises tariff -lots of log-rolling extremely high |
| American system | -Clay’s brainchild -tariff -bank -Internal improvements |
| South Carolina Exposition and Protest | -embraces sectionalism -denounces tariff as unconstitutional -defends peoples’ rights -says states can nullify unfair laws -connects to John Locke- contract between peeps and gov’t |
| Andrew Jackson’s VPres | Calhoun |
| Election of 1828 | -AJ wins -1st popular vote election -more democratic -nominating conventions, not caucuses -eliminate property and religious requirements to vote |
| big issues of the Jacksonian Era | 1) Spoils system & kitchen cabinet 2) Webster-Hayne Debates 3) Maysville road bill 4) Indian removals 5) Nullification Crisis 6) bank war |
| Spoils system | -AJ fills lots of fed. Positions w/ his supporters -AJ says no person has “right” to fed. Office -pros: -long terms lead to corruption -more citizens could participate -cons: -no one gets experience |
| Kitchen Cabinet | -advisors from TN -shadow cabinet, not appointed, but most trusted |
| Webster-Hayne Debates | -debate over land, turns into debate over nullification -Robert Haynes speaks for Benton, Webster for Foot -begins w/ Haynes accusing east of limiting expantion to keep workers- Webster can’t argue changes the subject to nullification |
| Thomas Hart Benton | - from MO -wanted squatter’s rights- could buy land they cultivate w/o bidding |
| Samuel Foot | - from CT -proposes restrictions on surveyed land- higher prices -makes land appropriation more difficult wouldn’t lose workers -Webster spoke for him |
| Robert Haynes | -debated for Benton -from SC -objects to land restrictions -accuses easterners of trying to maintain power -cheaper land b/c gov’t has a surplus- doesn’t need $ |
| Webster’s Second reply to Hayne | -says if states had right to nullify laws, then why have a union? -makes supporting state’s rights look like treason -“Liberty and Union , one and forever, now inseparable…” |
| Maysville Road Bill | -may 1830 -connects road from Maysville KY to Lexington -part of Cumberland road project -Jackson vetoes- doesn’t want to pay for intra-state improvements w/ fed. Funds -veto upsets westerners AJ needs to get back in their favor. |
| Indian Removal Act | -most Natives don’t want to integrate move west -Cherokees integrate- see themselves as a separate state -favor for western farmers |
| Black belt | -southern cotton area -called that b/c of “black belt” cotton variety |
| Cherokee v. Georgia | case thrown out b/c they brought it to original jurisdiction as a foreign state….? - 1831 |
| Worcester v. Georgia | -Marshall rules that the Cherokees are a separate nation that GA has no rights over fed. Gov’t is responsible for them (Paternalism) -Jackson refuses to enforce it , could be impeached BUT people are happy about it |
| Corn Tassel | -accused of murdering another Indian in GA, arrested by the state. - Marshall says no, supports Corn Tassel -AJ supports state over Marshall -> south sees AJ as a state’s righter (he isn’t actually) ‘“J.Marshal made his decision now let him enforce |
| Trail of Tears | -1838 -AJ forces Cherokees to march from GA to OK -lots die |
| Nullification Crisis | -began w/ tariff of abominations and SC exposition -b/c of Cherokees SC thinks AJ will support them he doesn’t Tyranny of the majority |
| Petticoat affair | -AJ stands up for Peggy Eaton b/c of what happened w/ his wife and makes her husband a cabinet member -people don’t like this b/c P.E. has a bad reputation -Eaton & MVB resign so others will resign |
| “Our union must be preserved”…. “the union, next to our liberty so dear” | AJ and Calhoun at a cabinet dinner |
| South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification | -says US can’t force tariff regulation -prohibits tariff -calls troops -SC thinks AJ will support b/c of Cherokees |
| AJ’s reaction to SC nullification | -calls troops -lowers tariff -sends “Proclamation to the People of SC” |
| Proclamation to the People of South Carolina | -says laws of USA must be executed -disunion = treason -Calhoun resigns and takes a senate seat b/c wants a peaceful resolution- |
| nullification compromise | -1833- lower tariff -pass a “force bill”- supported president’s ability to put down a rebellion -SC rebels nullification -still doesn’t answer question of nullification |
| Jackson and the Bank War | -charter of 2nd bank expires in 1836 -strict constructionists don’t like it -west and south dislike b/c of panic of 1819 -competition for state banks |
| Nicolas Biddle | -president of the 2nd bank -proposes new bank bill |
| 3rd bank bill | -proposed by Biddle -Jackson vetoes it -clay can’t get enough votes to overturn veto -veto gets AJ reelected |
| Roger Taney | -first sec. of the treasury to not resign when AJ asked him to take $ out of the fed. Bank -puts money in “pet banks” -when bank collapses, AJ blames Taney |
| exaggerated contraction | when Taney takes out more loans than the gov’t needs and causes the economy to collapse b/c of easy credit |
| 1835 surplus | -AJ gives $ to states -markets flooded -lots of prospecting -People buying too much |
| specie circular | -1836 -limits lending -must use hard cash to buy land |
| panic of 1837 | -land prices drop -cash is hard to find -banks forced to close |
| Election of 1836 | -MVB (Jacksonian) vs. Whigs Clay and Webster -MVB wins |
| Martin Van Burin admin. | -must face panic of 1837 -blame AJ for panic -repeals distribution of surplus -suggests Independent Treasury act |
| Independent Treasury Act | -mint vaults -U.S. treasury in DC w/ smaller ones in big cities -whigs angry- veto in 1837-1839, but passes in 1840 |
| lassaiz –faire | -MVB accused of this for doing nothing during suffering -doesn’t interfere w/ private banking |
| MVB scuffle w/ Caroline | -americans go to help canadiens in 1837 -brits put American ship over niagra falls -3 years later an American admits to killing a brit -GB threatens war |
| what 3 factors led to a whig victory in 1840 | -canada scuffle -panic of 1837 -calhoun rivalry |
| reemergence of parties | -parties become more of political machines -replace caucus w/ nominating convention -parties organize at state and national level |
| why don’t the whigs last? | -better undoers than doers -don’t want expansion -based on American system -lots of sectionalism w/ in the party |
| election of 1840 | -whigs run W.H. Harrison and John Tyler for southern votes -whigs spread lies about MVB -close vote, Harrison wins but soon dies |
| Favorite son’s strategy | -run regional candidates to get votes |
| ”log cabin and hard cider” campaign | -makes Harrison look like a common man |
| Tyler’s admin. | -actually a democrat, only a whig b/c he’s anti-jackson -state’s righter -thought AJ was too strong a pres -kept Harrison’s appointments -vetoes bank, repeals Ind. Treas. Act cabinet resigns |
| Distribution Act | -created by Clay -says he wants to help economy -actually wants to get money out to justify tariff -no support from south |
| Preemption act of 1841 | -allows squatters to occupy and buy unsurveyed land at a set price -if tariff went above %20 distribution would stop -tyler vetoes but raises tariff in 1842 |
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