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Ward History
8th History TAKS practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What year was the Declaration of Independence signed? | 1776 |
| What was the first representative government in the English colonies called? | The House of Burgesses |
| What was the first English colony established in the Americas and when was it established? | Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 |
| What year was the constitution adopted? | 1787 |
| Religious freedom, fleeing persecution, profit, land, etc were all reasons to do what? | Immigrate and colonize the Americas. |
| What was the first written constitution in the New World called? | The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
| What is the economic system in which colonies are set up to make the mother country rich, called? | Mercantilism |
| What year was the Louisiana Purchase made? | 1803 |
| What is the document that was signed by the Pilgrims, that was an early step towards self-government? | The Mayflower Compact |
| What year did the Civil War break out and what year did it end? | The Civil War broke out in 1861 and ended in 1865. |
| After the French and Indian War, what did the British government create that angered the colonists greatly because it said that they could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains? | The Proclamation of 1763 |
| Who was a Patriot leader who was an original Sons of Liberty member in Boston? | Sam Adams |
| Who was an inventor (who created bifocals), a writer (who wrote "Poor Richard's Almanac), a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and an ambassador to France? | Benjamin Franklin |
| Who was the leading monarch of the British government during the American Revolution? | King George III |
| What was the document that set up the First American government after independence? | The Articles of Confederation |
| Who is known as "the Father of Our Country" and was the leader of the Continental Army, as well as the first president of the United States? | George Washington |
| What is the name of the document used to declare the reasons for the colonies break from England? | The Declaration of Independence |
| What was the first battle of the American Revolution in which it was said that it was a "shot heard around the world". | The Battle of Lexington |
| What was the turning point of the Revolutionary War? | The Battle of Saratoga |
| What was the ending battle of the Revolutionary War where Cornwallis surrendered? | The Battle of Yorktown |
| What was the name of the treaty that ended the American Revolution? | The Treaty of Paris of 1763 |
| Where did the convention to revise the Articles of Confederation take place? | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| What was the agreement called, that created two houses with representation in one based upon population and equal representation in the other? | The Great Compromise |
| What were the group of people called that did not want to ratify the Constitution because they were afraid it would allow the national government to become too powerful over the state governments? | The Anti-Federalists |
| What were the essays written to achieve ratification of the Constitution called? | The Federalist Papers |
| What were the taxes on imported goods called that England supported, but the colonists opposed? | Tariffs |
| Who pulled for a national banking system to strengthen the U.S. economy? | Alexander Hamilton |
| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who started the Federalist Party and believed in a strong national government and a national bank? | Alexander Hamilton |
| Who started the Democratic Republican Party and believed in a decentralized government, supported farmers, and wanted states to be more powerful than the national government? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Violations of American trade rights, violations of Americans' rights at sea and Native American uprisings in the West were the three major causes of what? | The War of 1812 |
| What was the name of the foreign policy declaration that said that Europe could no longer colonize or meddle in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere? | The Monroe Doctrine |
| The election of what president signaled a movement by the common man to get involved in American politics and was the beginning of the modern Democratic Party? | Andrew Jackson |
| What was the name given for the forceful removal of Cherokee and other Native Americans from their Southeastern lands to lands west of the Mississippi River, all because the Americans wanted their lands? | The Trail of Tears |
| What established the principles for orderly expansion to the West? | The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
| What was the idea that it was a God-given right for the U.S. to extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, called? | The Manifest Destiny |
| What war involved the U.S. and its southern neighbor and was fought over a border dispute and expansion? | The Mexican War |
| Who won the Mexican War and gained most of the land in California, New Mexico, Arizona, etc...? | The United States |
| Why did the Southern region of the U.S. oppose tariffs prior to the Civil War? | Because they traded more with Europe and they had more to lose. |
| What document stated that a state could declare a federal law void (cancel it) if it was unfair to a particular region? | The Doctrine of Nullification |
| Who was the South Carolina firebrand who called for secession during regional conflicts? | John C. Calhoun |
| Who was the senator from Tennessee known as the "Great Compromiser"? | Henry Clay |
| Who was the New England legislator, who in his debates before Congress, gave compelling reasons for the abolition of slavery? | Daniel Webster |
| Who was elected as President of the Confederate States of America (Civil War Era)? | Jefferson Davis |
| Who was the general who ultimately led the Union Army to victory in the Civil War? | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Who was the leader of the South's Army of Northern Virginia during the Civil War? | Robert E. Lee |
| Who was the president of the United States during the Civil War? | Abraham Lincoln |
| Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired? | Ft. Sumter, South Carolina |
| Which two battles signaled the beginning of the end for the Confederacy? | The battles of Gettysburg (east) and Vicksburg (west). |
| What was the announcement of the slaves in rebel territories being set free called? | The Emancipation Proclamation |
| Where was Lincoln assassinated, shortly after the Civil War? | Ford's Theater |
| Where did General Robert E. Lee finally surrender? | Appomattox, Virginia |
| What is the system called, in which a planter owns large tracts of land and uses cheap labor to grow and harvest cash crops? | A plantation. |
| The invention of what machine helped to spur the growth of slavery in the south? | The cotton gin. |
| Why did geography and economics relate to specific regions of the United States during the Colonial Era? | Because geographic differences caused different things to be profitable in different regions of the U.S. |
| What war brought economic changes that helped spur the industry and open the west for settlement? | The War of 1812. |
| What was the rapid change to machine power and machine made goods called? | The Industrial Revolution. |
| What is the system called, where supply and demand affect production and pricing? | Capitalism or a Free market economy. |
| What is a change to the Constitution called? | An amendment. |
| Who was the leading black abolitionist who was a former slave in Maryland? | Frederick Douglas |
| Who was a hero of the fledgling American navy during the American Revolution and is known for saying, "I have not yet begun to fight"? | John Paul Jones |
| Who was the president at the time of the release of the Monroe Doctrine? | James Monroe |
| Who was a leader of the early Women's Rights Movement who helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention and gave the Declaration of Sentiments? | Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| Who was the first Supreme Court Chief Justice? | John Jay |
| What is a term used when each side gives up something to come to an agreement? | A compromise. |
| Freedom of speech and press are important in a democratic society for what three reasons? | They serve as a watch dog for the government; keeps the government responsible and from taking advantage of the people. |
| Who set a precedent of non-violent protest by refusing to pay income tax to protest the Mexican War? | Henry David Thoreau |
| What is it called when you put the needs of the community above your own interests? | Civic virtue |
| Who was a colonial leader who believed in equality under God and founded a state for Quakers? | William Penn |
| What was the movement to abolish slavery in the U.S. called? | The Abolition Movement |
| Who was the primary advocate for free public elementary schools? | Horace Mann |
| Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Abigail Adams were known for being what? | The four major women's rights advocates. |
| The Grimke sisters, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Harriet Tubman, and Frederick Douglas were all known as what? | Abolitionists |
| What was the movement to abolish alcohol in the U.S. called? | The Prohibition/Temperance Movement |
| Which female helped begin the movement for prison reform and mental illness reform? | Dorothea Dix |
| Who was the female laborer who led a movement for a ten-hour work week? | Sarah Bagley |
| What were the First and Second Great Awakenings? | Religious Revivals |
| What is the idea that the most important truths in life go beyond or transcend human reasons? | Transcendentalism |
| What was the name of Robert Fulton's steamboat that he launched in 1807? | The Claremont. |
| Who came up with the unique idea of transcendentalism? | Ralph Waldo Emerson |
| Who invented the cotton gin? | Eli Whitney |
| What invention affected the South and slavery because it allowed planters to grow more cotton which in turn allowed them to clean it faster and caused slavery to spread? | The cotton gin. |
| What created steel and allowed for the Industrial Revolution to surge forward? | The Bessemer Steel Process. |
| Rural to urban movement, child labor, female labor, and sweat shops were all changes of living in the U.S. that came as a result of what? | Industrialization |
| What is the type of government where power is held by the people and exercised through elected representatives? | A democracy or a representative government. |
| What was the period following the Civil War where the Southern States were rebuilt called? | The Reconstruction Era. |
| What was the extreme institution of reforms upon the defeated Southern States called? | The Radical Reconstruction. |
| What was the document that was the cornerstone of English justice and law that first limited the power of the King? | The Magna Carta. |
| What is another English document which helped to serve as the forerunner to the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights called? | The English Bill of Rights. |
| Thomas Jefferson is given credit for writing what important document? | The Declaration of Independence. |
| What are the three God given rights that are protected in the Declaration of Independence? | Unalienable rights-life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. |
| Who were the major writers of the "Federalist Papers"? | James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. |
| Who is known as the father of the Constitution? | James Madison |
| What was the agreement that 3 out of every 5 slaves would be counted in a state's population called? | The 3/5 Compromise |
| What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution called? | The Bill of Rights |
| What was the primary purpose of the Bill of Rights? | To guarantee the rights of the people. |
| What is the idea that the Constitution and laws can define the limits of those in power called? | Limited government. |
| What was set up by the Constitution to ensure that one branch did not become too powerful? | Checks and balance system. |
| What is the sharing of power between the local and national government called? | Federalism. |
| What is the principle of the Constitution by which the powers of the government are divided among separate branches? | Separation of Powers. |
| What is the idea that people should vote to decide key issues called? | Popular sovereignty. |
| Which amendment was passed during the Reconstruction Era and freed all the slaves? | The 13th Amendment |
| Which amendment gives equal protection under the law and extends the benefits of the Bill of Rights to all citizens? | The 14th Amendment |
| Which amendment gave African American males the right to vote? | The 15th Amendment |
| What is the idea that the Supreme Court can declare laws called? | The judicial review. |
| What was the threatening of South Carolina to secede from the U.S. over a tariff dispute called? | The Nullification Crisis of 1828. |
| What is the Supreme Court case that established the idea of judicial review? | Marbury vs. Madison |
| Which Supreme Court case ruled that states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their borders? | McCulloch vs. Maryland |
| Which Supreme Court case gave the federal government power to regulate interstate commerce? | Gibbons vs. Ogden |
| Which Supreme Court case declared that slaves were not citizens and allowed all states to vote on whether or not to have slavery? | Dred Scott vs. Sandford |
| What are our God given rights that cannot be taken away called? | Unalienable rights. |
| What is a person of foreign birth who becomes a U.S. citizen called? | A naturalized citizen. |
| What are the individuals who played a significant role in the fight for independence from Britain and the creation of a new government called? | Patriots, or our Founding Fathers. |
| What is the passive resistance to laws one considers unjust called? | Civil disobedience. |
| What was the central issue for the conflict between the first two political parties? | How much power the federal government should have. |
| Who published the newspaper called the "Liberator" during the abolition movement? | William Lloyd Garrison |
| Which politica party was created to abolish slavery? | The Republican Party. |
| What were large nationwide religious revivals in both the 1700's and 1800's called? | The First and Second Great Awakenings. |
| What is a first hand account of an event such as a letter or a journal entry called? | A primary source. |
| What is a textbook or an article written after the event called? | A secondary source. |
| What was one of the main colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence in order to justify the colonies break from Britain? | Taxation without representation. |
| What were some of the weaknesses of the Articles of the Confederation? | Hard to pass laws, could not enforce laws, not able to tax, and no military. |
| What is the favoring of one group or point of view over another called? | Bias |
| What were the economic differences between the three colonial regions? | North - Lumber, ship building, rum Middle - small manufacturing, farming of wheat and other grains South - depended on farming tobacco and cotton plantations. |
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shannonpw2002
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