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nms
nms question-answer
| NMS Question | NMS Answer |
|---|---|
| Bursitis | px a pt can pinpoint in their shoulder |
| What are the rotator cuff mm. and what are their functions? | SITS-supraspinatus (15-30 degree abd), infraspinatus (ext rot), teres minor (ext rot) and subcap (int rot) |
| Conditions of the foot causing burning px | Morton's neuroma, Tarsal tunnel syndrome & B5 vitamin deficiency |
| Foot conditions cause non-burning px | fascitis (morning), matatarsalgia & osteoarthritis |
| Where does AS start? | SI joints |
| Where does AS go from SI joints? | moves up into the constvertebral jts |
| Two conditions with cafe au lait spots | fibrous dysplasia (ME) and neurofibromatosis (CA) |
| Ollier's ds is multiple [blank] | enchondromas |
| What indicates a greater likelihood for malignancy w/ Ollier's ds | the closer they occur to the spine the more likely they will become malignant |
| HME is made of a lot of [blank] | osteochondroma tumors+ |
| Tumors in HME grow out of the metaphysis as what type of lesions? | sessile or pedunculated |
| MC benign growth of bone | osteochondroma |
| MC bone tumor of hand | enchondromas |
| Condition where the costal cartilage is inflamed and mimics a heart attack | tietze's (costochondritis) |
| What ds is due to an interruption of the sympathetics to the face, causing anhydrosis, ptosis and miosis | Horner's syndrome |
| Cord levels affected by cauda equina syndrome | S2-S4 |
| Condition of CN VIII causing tinnitus, vertigo & transient deafness | Meniere's |
| Post-traumatic condition mimics Meniere's | Barre Lieou's (vertebral buckling syndrome) |
| Festination | shuffling, propulsion, mincing-Parkinson's |
| Motor ataxia | staggering-cerebellum |
| Sensory ataxia | slappage-posterior columns |
| Steppage | foot drop, toe drag, foot slap-tib ant |
| Gluteus medius lurch | lateral sway over the weight bearing leg |
| Gluteus maximus lurch | AP sway (leans back during mid-stance) |
| Circumduction | CVA, weak Quads (unilateral) |
| Waddling | MD, clumsy and weak, toe walker |
| Scissors | Cerebral palsy-adductor spasm (toe walker) |
| What is causalgia | burning n. px |
| What type of px does a tumor cause? | progressive, constant, nocturnal, deep & boring |
| Where does sclerotogenous px originate? | in the bone |
| Type of px an ulcer produces? | gnawing |
| Referred px is aka | viscerogenic |
| Where can px in the shoulders be referred from? | liver, GB or diaphragm |
| Px in the inferior scap is referred from where? | GB |
| T10 is associated w/ referred px from the [blank] | pancreas |
| Px in left shoulder is aka | Kehr's sign |
| What condition does Kehr's sign indicate? | spleen problem |
| What are the normal values for m. tests and DTRs? | w/ m. testing, 5 is normal (full ROM against gravity w/ full resistance); w/ reflexes, 2 is normal (5 is sustained clonus, 4 is transient clonus & 3 is hyperreflexia) |
| What nn. are tested w/ corneal reflex? | sensory of CNV & motor or CN VII |
| What does the pharyngeal reflex test? | sensory of CN IX and motor of CN X |
| What does pharyngeal reflex test? | sensory of CN IX and motor of CN X |
| What is tested by cremasteric reflex? | sensory of femoral n., motor of genito-femoral n. (L1-L2) |
| What does the visceral ciliospinal reflex test? | cervical sympathetics |
| What does the occulocardiac reflex test? | cervical sympathetics |
| What does the occulocardiac reflex test? | sensory of CN V & motor of CN X |
| What does carotid sinus reflex test? | sensory of CN IX and motor of CN X |
| What does the direct pupillary reflex test? | sensory of CN II and motor of CN III |
| What visceral reflexes test parasympathetics? | occulocardiac, carotid sinus & direct |
| With a medial disc lesion, which way does the person lean? | toward side of lesion; what about a posterior disc lesion? forward |
| Posterior disc lesions are aka | subrhizal |
| Which way does someone lean with a lateral disc lesion? | away from side of lesion |
| What CN is affected by Tic Douloureux | CN V |
| Which CN is affected by Bell's palsy? | CN VII |
| What n. is affected with cubital tunnel syndrome? | ulnar n. |
| What tunnel is affected in cubital tunnel syndrome? | tunnel of Guyon |
| Peripheral n. entrapment of the [blank] n. causes wrist drop. | radial |
| PNE of the [blank] causes ape hand. | median |
| PNE of the [blank] causes claw hand. | ulnar |
| Morton's neuroma is a result of PNE of the [blank] n. | tibial |
| What type of tumor creates an onion skin appearance? | Ewing's |
| Most common benign bone tumor of the hand? | Enchondroma (Ollier's) |
| M/C benign bone tumor of the spine? | hemangioma |
| What is the m/c benign bone tumor of the body? | osteochondroma (HME) |
| m/c primary malignancy of the body? | brnochogenic carcinoma |
| Most common malignancy of the body? | METS |
| M/C primary malignancy of bone in an adult? | MM |
| M/C malignancy of bone | mets |
| M/C primary malignancy in a child? | osteosarcoma |
| Name some diaphyseal tumors | Ewings (kids) & MM (adults) |
| Two epiphyseal tumors | Ewings (kids) and MM (adults) |
| Name some epiphyseal tumors | chondroblastoma (kids) & giant cell (adults) |
| Layers of bone going from outside in? | epiphysis, physis, metaphysis, diaphysis, & bone marrow |
| What imaging is best for viewing soft tissue (esp nn.) | MRI |
| What does T1 pick up? | fat |
| What does T2 pick up? | water |
| What imaging is best for seeing hard tissues and uses Hounsfield units? | CAT scan |
| Scintigraphy is better known as | bone scan |
| What imaging is best to dx MM | cold bone scan |
| What is assoc w/ an UMNL | spastic paralysis, inc DTRs, pathological reflexes present, clonus & superficial reflexes absent or dec bilaterally |
| What is associated w/ LMNL | flaccid paralysis, dec DTRs, atrophy, fasciculations & superficial reflexes absent or dec unilaterally |
| Some examples of UMNLs | CVA, tumor, ALS & MS |
| Examples of LMNLs | polio, MS, ALS, PNE, subluxation & disc herniation |
| Two types of MD | Duchenne's (young boys, sex linked) and facioscapulohumeral (adults) |
| What is seen w/ Duchenne's MD | weak mm., difficulty walking (waddling), albuminuria, creatinuria, Gower's sign, fatal by 20y/o, lumbar hyperlordosis, scoliosis |
| What is seen w/ facioscapulohumeral md | winging scapula & foot drop |
| A fluid filled cavitation that expands and puts pressure on the lat spinothalamic tract usually | syringomyelia |
| Where does syringomyelia usually occur? | cervical spine |
| Effects of syringomyelia | px and temp, loss in a bilat. shawl-like distribution |
| What causes descending paralysis, diplopia & requires intermittent naps | Myasthenia gravis, 3Ds, slurred speech |
| What disorder causes demyelination of the cord? | MS |
| What disorder causes demyelination of the cord? | MS |
| What type of tremors are seen w/ this disorder? | intention |
| What is Charcot's triad? | SIN (speech, intention tremor and nystagmus) |
| What condition has charcot's triad? | MS |
| What condition affects older males, is terminal in 5 yrs & starts in intrinsic hand mm. | ALS |
| How is ALS both an upper & lower MNL | UMNL in lower ext and LMNL in upper ext |
| Brown-Sequard syndrome | hemisection of the spinal cord w/ ipsilateral loss of motor & paresthesia, contralateral loss of px & temp |
| Guillain Barre | rapidly ascending paralysis that causes peripheral weakness |
| Parkinsonism | caused by basal ganlia lesion that results in resting tremor, blank stare & festinating gait |
| Cerebral palsy | non-progressive motor disorder that occurs at birth d/t anoxi |
| What type of gait is seen w/ cerebral palsy? | scissors |
| What ds is characterized by calf weakness & sensory loss | Charcot Marie tooth (peroneal ds) |
| Sclerosis of ear | chronic otitis media |
| What tract is in charge of light touch? | lat spinothalamic tract |
| How long do cluster HA last? | one hour |
| Toxic HA | hang over last long time |
| What are the parts to the IVF | disc, pedicle, articular facets |
| bitemporal hemianopsia | pit gland tumor |
| Lesion at upper L quad | umbilicus deviates R lower quad |
| Action of occiput on atlas | flexion or nodding |
| What is Eisenstein's line | measures spinal canal (12mm is normal) |
| MG | spastic mm. and easy fatigue worse at end of day |
| Genu recurvatum | d/t quadriceps |
| Greatest loss in proprioception | akinesthesia (no mvmt feeling) |
| apraxia | dec ability to do simple acts |
| agnosia | loss of ability to know familiar objects |
| If eye can NOT go inf and medial | lesion of CN4 |
| Inc serum alkaline phosphatase, inc hat size? | osteitis deformans (paget's) |
| Innervation of TMJ | CN V mm. of mastication |
| m/c avulsion | head of rectus femoris |
| What sensory loss would pt have if weber lateralizes to L ear and Rinne's test shows air is better than bone on the L | pt would have R neurosensory loss |
| demyelination in MS | plaquing of spinal cord |
| Notch teeth | Hutchinson's triad, congenital syphillis |
| Sx of deep vn thrombosis | calf and edema |
| Sx of diabetes | arterial problem, expressed bilaterally |
| Function of corticospinal and corticobulbar | motor |
| spinothalamic tract function | px, temp, light touch |
| what aggravates trigger pts | cold draft |
| Charcot's joint | no px or symptoms in jt |
| m/c sprain of ankle | plantar flex and inversion (ant talofibular) |
| pt's eye drifts lateral | lesion of CN3 |
| Duchenne's MS | recessive sex linked carried by mother, occurs betw 3-7 yoa |
| Restricted m. test | differeniate betw tendinitis and bursitis |
| Fixed dilated pupils involves what CN? | lesion of CN3 |
| Ophthalmoplegia HA | diplopia |
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